Di Giampaolo Luca, Zaccariello Gloria, Benedetti Alvise, Vecchiotti Giulia, Caposano Francesca, Sabbioni Enrico, Groppi Flavia, Manenti Simone, Niu Qiao, Poma Anna Maria Giuseppina, Di Gioacchino Mario, Petrarca Claudia
Specialization School of Occupational Medicine, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, I-66100 Chieti, Italy.
Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems and Centro di Microscopia Elettronica "Giovanni Stevanato", Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155/b, I-30170 Venezia-Mestre, Italy.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2021 Jan 21;11(2):270. doi: 10.3390/nano11020270.
TiO nanoparticles (TiO NPs) are the nanomaterial most produced as an ultraviolet (UV) filter. However, TiO is a semiconductor and, in nanoparticle size, is a strong photocatalyst, raising concerns about photomutagenesis. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) were synthetized incorporating TiO NPs (TiO@MSN) to develop a cosmetic UV filter. The aim of this study was to assess the toxicity of TiO@MSN, compared with bare MSN and commercial TiO NPs, based on several biomarkers. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were exposed to TiO@MSN, bare MSN (network) or commercial TiO NPs for comparison. Exposed PBMC were characterized for cell viability/apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS), nuclear morphology, and cytokines secretion. All the nanoparticles induced apoptosis, but only TiO NPs (alone or assembled into MSN) led to ROS and micronuclei. However, TiO@MSN showed lower ROS and cytotoxicity with respect to the P25. Exposure to TiO@MSN induced Th2-skewed and pro-fibrotic responses. Geno-cytotoxicity data indicate that TiO@MSN are safer than P25 and MSN. Cytokine responses induced by TiO@MSN are imputable to both the TiO NPs and MSN, and, therefore, considered of low immunotoxicological relevance. This analytical assessment might provide hints for NPs modification and deep purification to reduce the risk of health effects in the settings of their large-scale manufacturing and everyday usage by consumers.
二氧化钛纳米颗粒（TiO NPs）是作为紫外线（UV）滤光剂产量最高的纳米材料。然而，TiO是一种半导体，纳米颗粒尺寸的TiO是一种强光催化剂，这引发了对光致突变的担忧。通过将TiO NPs（TiO@MSN）掺入其中合成了介孔二氧化硅纳米颗粒（MSN），以开发一种化妆品紫外线滤光剂。本研究的目的是基于几种生物标志物评估TiO@MSN与裸露的MSN和商业TiO NPs相比的毒性。将人外周血单核细胞（PBMC）暴露于TiO@MSN、裸露的MSN（网络状）或商业TiO NPs进行比较。对暴露的PBMC进行细胞活力/凋亡、活性氧（ROS）、核形态和细胞因子分泌的表征。所有纳米颗粒均诱导细胞凋亡，但只有TiO NPs（单独或组装到MSN中）导致ROS和微核。然而，与P25相比，TiO@MSN显示出较低的ROS和细胞毒性。暴露于TiO@MSN会诱导Th2偏向和促纤维化反应。基因细胞毒性数据表明，TiO@MSN比P25和MSN更安全。TiO@MSN诱导的细胞因子反应可归因于TiO NPs和MSN两者，因此，被认为免疫毒理学相关性较低。这种分析评估可能为纳米颗粒的改性和深度纯化提供线索，以降低其大规模生产和消费者日常使用过程中对健康产生影响的风险。
