Li Zhuofan, Zhao Yiwen, Li Yibo, Chen Xinyuan
Biomedical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, 7 Greenhouse Road, Avedisian Hall, Room 480, Kingston, RI 02881, USA.
Vaccines (Basel). 2021 Jan 21;9(2):75. doi: 10.3390/vaccines9020075.
Influenza poses a huge threat to global public health. Influenza vaccines are the most effective and cost-effective means to control influenza. Current influenza vaccines mainly induce neutralizing antibodies against highly variable globular head of hemagglutinin and lack cross-protection. Vaccine adjuvants have been approved to enhance seasonal influenza vaccine efficacy in the elderly and spare influenza vaccine doses. Clinical studies found that MF59 and AS03-adjuvanted influenza vaccines could induce cross-protective immunity against non-vaccine viral strains. In addition to MF59 and AS03 adjuvants, experimental adjuvants, such as Toll-like receptor agonists, saponin-based adjuvants, cholera toxin and heat-labile enterotoxin-based mucosal adjuvants, and physical adjuvants, are also able to broaden influenza vaccine-induced immune responses against non-vaccine strains. This review focuses on introducing the various types of adjuvants capable of assisting current influenza vaccines to induce cross-protective immunity in preclinical and clinical studies. Mechanisms of licensed MF59 and AS03 adjuvants to induce cross-protective immunity are also introduced. Vaccine adjuvants hold a great promise to adjuvant influenza vaccines to induce cross-protective immunity.
流感对全球公共卫生构成巨大威胁。流感疫苗是控制流感最有效且最具成本效益的手段。目前的流感疫苗主要诱导针对血凝素高度可变球状头部的中和抗体，缺乏交叉保护作用。疫苗佐剂已被批准用于提高老年人季节性流感疫苗的效力并节省流感疫苗剂量。临床研究发现，含MF59和AS03佐剂的流感疫苗可诱导针对非疫苗病毒株的交叉保护性免疫。除了MF59和AS03佐剂外，实验性佐剂，如Toll样受体激动剂、基于皂苷的佐剂、霍乱毒素和基于不耐热肠毒素的黏膜佐剂以及物理佐剂，也能够拓宽流感疫苗诱导的针对非疫苗株的免疫反应。本综述着重介绍在临床前和临床研究中能够辅助当前流感疫苗诱导交叉保护性免疫的各类佐剂。还介绍了已获许可的MF59和AS03佐剂诱导交叉保护性免疫的机制。疫苗佐剂在辅助流感疫苗诱导交叉保护性免疫方面具有广阔前景。
