Huang Junjie, Leung David Ka-Wai, Chan Erica On-Ting, Lok Veeleah, Leung Sophia, Wong Iris, Lao Xiang-Qian, Zheng Zhi-Jie, Chiu Peter Ka-Fung, Ng Chi-Fai, Wong Joseph Hon-Ming, Volpe Alessandro, Merseburger Axel S, Powles Thomas, Teoh Jeremy Yuen-Chun, Wong Martin C S
The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
S.H. Ho Urology Centre, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
Eur Urol Focus. 2022 Jan;8(1):200-209. doi: 10.1016/j.euf.2020.12.020. Epub 2021 Jan 23.
Kidney cancer is a major urological disease globally, with more than 400 000 new cases diagnosed every year.
To investigate incidence and mortality trends for kidney cancer and their associations with modifiable risk factors for kidney cancer.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: The most up-to-date figures on kidney cancer incidence and mortality were collected from the GLOBOCAN database and the Cancer Incidence in Five Continents (CI5). Data on total alcohol consumption and the prevalence of smoking, overweight, diabetes, and hypertension were extracted from the World Health Organization Global Health Observatory data repository.
Age-standardized rates (ASRs) for incidence and mortality and their correlations with potential risk factors for kidney cancer were investigated. Multivariable linear regression analysis was also conducted. The 10-yr temporal patterns for incidence are presented as the average annual percent change with 95% confidence interval using joinpoint regression analysis.
Globally, there is wide variation in kidney cancer incidence and mortality. There were positive correlations between rates of smoking, alcohol consumption, and overweight and ASRs of kidney cancer incidence and mortality. Multivariable regression analysis revealed that alcohol consumption and overweight were significant risk factors for kidney cancer incidence, while smoking and alcohol consumption were significant risk factors for kidney cancer mortality. There was an increasing trend for the incidence of kidney cancer globally, with a particularly prominent trend for European countries. Of note, increasing incidence of kidney cancer is evident even for younger individuals aged <50 yr. However, cancer registries vary by country and period and there is a lack of data regarding the severity of risk factors and disease characteristics such as the distribution of histological groups, tumor grading, and staging.
There is an increasing trend for kidney cancer incidence globally, particularly in European countries and the younger population. Modifiable risk factors for kidney cancer incidence and mortality have been identified. The increasing incidence of kidney cancer among younger individuals is worrying and warrants early action on possible preventive measures.
The incidence of kidney cancer has been increasing globally, particularly in European countries and the younger population. Risk factors include smoking, alcohol consumption, overweight, and hypertension, and these factors are all modifiable.
肾癌是全球主要的泌尿系统疾病，每年有超过40万新发病例。
调查肾癌的发病率和死亡率趋势及其与可改变的肾癌危险因素的关联。
设计、研究地点和参与者：从全球癌症数据库（GLOBOCAN）和《五大洲癌症发病率》（CI5）中收集了关于肾癌发病率和死亡率的最新数据。从世界卫生组织全球卫生观察站数据存储库中提取了总酒精消费量以及吸烟、超重、糖尿病和高血压患病率的数据。
研究了发病率和死亡率的年龄标准化率（ASRs）及其与肾癌潜在危险因素的相关性。还进行了多变量线性回归分析。使用连接点回归分析将发病率的10年时间模式表示为平均年度百分比变化及95%置信区间。
全球范围内，肾癌的发病率和死亡率差异很大。吸烟率、酒精消费量和超重与肾癌发病率和死亡率的年龄标准化率之间存在正相关。多变量回归分析显示，酒精消费和超重是肾癌发病的重要危险因素，而吸烟和酒精消费是肾癌死亡的重要危险因素。全球肾癌发病率呈上升趋势，欧洲国家的趋势尤为突出。值得注意的是，即使在年龄小于50岁的较年轻个体中，肾癌发病率也明显上升。然而，各国和各时期的癌症登记情况各不相同，并且缺乏关于危险因素严重程度和疾病特征的数据，如组织学类型分布、肿瘤分级和分期。
全球肾癌发病率呈上升趋势，尤其是在欧洲国家和较年轻人群中。已确定了可改变的肾癌发病和死亡危险因素。较年轻个体中肾癌发病率的上升令人担忧，有必要尽早采取可能的预防措施。
全球肾癌发病率一直在上升，尤其是在欧洲国家和较年轻人群中。危险因素包括吸烟、酒精消费、超重和高血压，这些因素都是可以改变的。
