Lind Stuart E
Departments of Medicine and Pathology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045 USA.
Heliyon. 2021 Jan;7(1):e06033. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06033. Epub 2021 Jan 20.
A ubiquitous component of cell membrane, phosphatidylserine (PS), is likely to play a major, but as yet unrecognized, role in the thromboinflammation of COVID-19 and other critical illnesses. PS is present in all plasma membranes but is "hidden" on the inner surface by the action of an ATP-requiring enzyme. Failure of PS to be sequestered on the inner surface of cell membranes, release of PS-containing microparticles from cells, or shedding of enveloped viruses allows it to interact with extracellular proteins, including those of the coagulation and complement systems. Detection and quantification of circulating PS is not standardized, and current methodologies have either focused on circulating cellular elements or subcellular plasma components, but not both. PS may also promote thromboinflammation without circulating if expressed on the surface of endothelial cells, a condition that might only be documented if novel imaging techniques are developed. Research into the role of PS in inflammation and coagulation, called here a "procoagulant phospholipidopathy" may provide novel insights and therapeutic approaches for patients with a variety of illnesses.
磷脂酰丝氨酸（PS）是细胞膜的一种普遍成分，可能在新冠病毒病及其他危重症的血栓炎症中发挥主要但尚未被认识到的作用。PS存在于所有质膜中，但在一种需要ATP的酶的作用下“隐藏”于内表面。PS无法被隔离在细胞膜内表面、含PS的微粒从细胞中释放或包膜病毒脱落，会使其与细胞外蛋白质相互作用，包括凝血系统和补体系统的蛋白质。循环PS的检测和定量尚未标准化，目前的方法要么侧重于循环细胞成分，要么侧重于亚细胞血浆成分，而非两者兼顾。如果在内皮细胞表面表达，PS也可能在不发生循环的情况下促进血栓炎症，只有开发出新的成像技术，这种情况才可能被记录下来。对PS在炎症和凝血中的作用的研究，这里称为“促凝磷脂病”，可能为患有各种疾病的患者提供新的见解和治疗方法。
