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SARS-CoV-2、牙周病原体和宿主因素:COVID-19 口腔后遗症的三联症。

SARS-CoV-2, periodontal pathogens, and host factors: The trinity of oral post-acute sequelae of COVID-19.

机构信息

Department of Oral Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

Department of Periodontics, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

出版信息

Rev Med Virol. 2024 May;34(3):e2543. doi: 10.1002/rmv.2543.


DOI:10.1002/rmv.2543
PMID:38782605
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11260190/
Abstract

COVID-19 as a pan-epidemic is waning but there it is imperative to understand virus interaction with oral tissues and oral inflammatory diseases. We review periodontal disease (PD), a common inflammatory oral disease, as a driver of COVID-19 and oral post-acute-sequelae conditions (PASC). Oral PASC identifies with PD, loss of teeth, dysgeusia, xerostomia, sialolitis-sialolith, and mucositis. We contend that PD-associated oral microbial dysbiosis involving higher burden of periodontopathic bacteria provide an optimal microenvironment for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. These pathogens interact with oral epithelial cells activate molecular or biochemical pathways that promote viral adherence, entry, and persistence in the oral cavity. A repertoire of diverse molecules identifies this relationship including lipids, carbohydrates and enzymes. The S protein of SARS-CoV-2 binds to the ACE2 receptor and is activated by protease activity of host furin or TRMPSS2 that cleave S protein subunits to promote viral entry. However, PD pathogens provide additional enzymatic assistance mimicking furin and augment SARS-CoV-2 adherence by inducing viral entry receptors ACE2/TRMPSS, which are poorly expressed on oral epithelial cells. We discuss the mechanisms involving periodontopathogens and host factors that facilitate SARS-CoV-2 infection and immune resistance resulting in incomplete clearance and risk for 'long-haul' oral health issues characterising PASC. Finally, we suggest potential diagnostic markers and treatment avenues to mitigate oral PASC.

摘要

COVID-19 作为一种泛流行病正在消退,但了解病毒与口腔组织和口腔炎症性疾病的相互作用至关重要。我们回顾了牙周病(PD),一种常见的炎症性口腔疾病,它是 COVID-19 和口腔急性后遗症(PASC)的驱动因素。口腔 PASC 与 PD、牙齿缺失、味觉障碍、口干、唾液腺炎-唾液石、黏膜炎有关。我们认为,与 PD 相关的口腔微生物失调涉及更高负担的牙周病细菌,为严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2(SARS-CoV-2)感染提供了最佳的微环境。这些病原体与口腔上皮细胞相互作用,激活分子或生化途径,促进病毒在口腔中的粘附、进入和持续存在。一系列不同的分子识别这种关系,包括脂质、碳水化合物和酶。SARS-CoV-2 的 S 蛋白与 ACE2 受体结合,并被宿主弗林或 TRMPSS2 的蛋白酶活性激活,弗林或 TRMPSS2 切割 S 蛋白亚单位以促进病毒进入。然而,PD 病原体通过诱导 ACE2/TRMPSS 等病毒进入受体提供额外的酶辅助作用,这些受体在口腔上皮细胞上表达水平较低,从而增强 SARS-CoV-2 的粘附,这增加了病毒进入的风险。我们讨论了涉及牙周病原体和宿主因素的机制,这些机制促进了 SARS-CoV-2 感染和免疫抵抗,导致不完全清除,并增加了“长途”口腔健康问题的风险,这些问题是 PASC 的特征。最后,我们提出了潜在的诊断标志物和治疗途径,以减轻口腔 PASC。

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[2]
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[3]
The Role of Dental-derived Stem Cell-based Therapy and Their Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Post-COVID-19 Syndrome-induced Tissue Damage.

Stem Cell Rev Rep. 2024-11

本文引用的文献

[1]
Herpesviruses and SARS-CoV-2: Viral Association with Oral Inflammatory Diseases.

Pathogens. 2024-1-7

[2]
Cellular zinc metabolism and zinc signaling: from biological functions to diseases and therapeutic targets.

Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2024-1-3

[3]
Neurological complications after COVID-19: A narrative review.

eNeurologicalSci. 2023-11-15

[4]
Association of Immune Semaphorins with COVID-19 Severity and Outcomes.

Biomedicines. 2023-10-13

[5]
Microbiome-targeted interventions for the control of oral-gut dysbiosis and chronic systemic inflammation.

Trends Mol Med. 2023-11

[6]
Proteomics research of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 disease.

Med Rev (2021). 2022-9-14

[7]
SARS-CoV-2 reservoir in post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC).

Nat Immunol. 2023-10

[8]
Identification of SARS-CoV-2 biomarkers in saliva by transcriptomic and proteomics analysis.

Clin Proteomics. 2023-8-3

[9]
Cardiovascular Complications of Coronavirus Disease-2019.

Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am. 2023-8

[10]
ACE2-EGFR-MAPK signaling contributes to SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Life Sci Alliance. 2023-9

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