Peng Hua-Sheng, Huang Lu-Qi
School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine Hefei 230012, China Research Unit of Dao-di Herbs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China.
State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China.
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2020 Dec;45(24):6065-6071. doi: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20200925.101.
Ben Cao Tu Jing is the earliest version of block-printed edition for herbals so far, with 933 medicinal paintings. In this paper, it analyzed the medicine paintings in the Fruit, Vegetable and Rice Sections of Ben Cao Tu Jing, as well as discussed the types of medicine paintings and relevant information when they were drawn. There are a total of 76 paintings in the fruits, vegetables and rice sections of Ben Cao Tu Jing, which can be divided into four types: broken branch paintings, ground paintings, rootless plant paintings and the whole plant with root paintings. The first three paintings were similar to the paintings of Tang and Song, and the paintings of the whole plant with root can be called the type of medicine paintings with Chinese characteristics created by Ben Cao Tu Jing. These four types of paintings had a profound impact on the later illustrations of medicinal materials, such as Lv Chan Yan Ben Cao, Jiu Huang Ben Cao, Ben Cao Pin Hui Jing Yao, Zhi Wen Ben Cao, Zhi Wu Ming Shi Tu Kao. The two types that had the greatest impact on later generations are the broken branch paintings and the whole plant with roots paintings, which had been inherited and developed in contemporary Chinese pharmacy books such as Zhong Yao Cai Pin Zhong Lun Shu and Zhong Hua Ben Cao. The paintings of the fruits, vegetables and rice sections are highly realistic and artistic, not only carrying the role of conveying medicinal knowledge, but also having unique aesthetic value. It can be inferred that the fruits, vegetables and rice sections had the participation of professional painters at least. In addition, through the highly consistent drawing styles of several sets of paintings, it is concluded that the paintings without place names were likely to be drawn uniformly by the editing team, and the local paintings may have been revised and improved by the editing team lately.
《本草图经》是迄今为止最早的本草类雕版印刷版本，有933幅药用植物图。本文分析了《本草图经》中果、菜、米部的药图，并探讨了药图的类型以及绘制时的相关信息。《本草图经》果、菜、米部共有76幅图，可分为四类：折枝图、地生图、无根植物图和有根全株图。前三种图与唐宋时期的绘画相似，有根全株图可称为《本草图经》所创造的具有中国特色的药图类型。这四类图对后世的药材图谱产生了深远影响，如《履巉岩本草》《救荒本草》《本草品汇精要》《植物名实图考》等。对后世影响最大的两类是折枝图和有根全株图，在当代中药书籍如《中药采品种论述》和《中华本草》中得到了继承和发展。果、菜、米部的图高度写实且富有艺术性，不仅承担着传授药用知识的作用，还具有独特的审美价值。可以推断，果、菜、米部至少有专业画家参与绘制。此外，通过几组图高度一致的绘制风格可以得出，没有地名的图很可能是由编辑团队统一绘制的，而地方图可能是编辑团队后来修订完善的。
