Cardiovascular Risk, Nutrition, and Aging Research Group, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS).
PhD program in Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona.
J Hypertens. 2021 Jun 1;39(6):1230-1237. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000002765.
To examine in older individuals at high cardiovascular risk whether following a Mediterranean diet decreased the necessity of antihypertensive drugs and modulated their associated cardiovascular risk.
In the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea study, we assessed whether volunteers randomly allocated to an intervention with a Mediterranean diet enriched with extra-virgin olive oil or nuts (relative to a low-fat control diet) disclosed differences in the risk of: initiating antihypertensive medication in nonusers at baseline (n = 2188); and escalating therapy in participants using one, two, or three drugs at baseline (n = 2361, n = 1579, and n = 554, respectively). We also assessed whether allocation to Mediterranean diet modified the association between antihypertensive drug use and incident cardiovascular events.
Participants allocated to Mediterranean diet interventions were associated with lower risk of initiating antihypertensive therapy [5-year incidence rates: 47.1% in the control diet, 43.0% in MedDiets; hazard ratio = 0.84, 95% CI (0.74--0.97), in a model adjusted for age, sex, and recruitment site]. Volunteers using two drugs at baseline in the Mediterranean diet intervention enriched with extra-virgin olive oil decreased their risk of therapy escalation [5-year incidence rates: 22.9% in the control diet, 20.1% in the MedDiet; hazard ratio = 0.77, 95% CI (0.60--0.99)]. Allocation to Mediterranean diet interventions attenuated the association between antihypertensive therapy at baseline and incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (P interaction = 0.003).
In an older population at high cardiovascular risk, following a Mediterranean diet reduced the risk of initiating or escalating antihypertensive medication and attenuated cardiovascular risk in antihypertensive drug users.
在心血管风险较高的老年人中，研究地中海饮食是否可以减少降压药物的需求，并调节其相关的心血管风险。
在 PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea 研究中，我们评估了随机分配到地中海饮食干预组（富含特级初榨橄榄油或坚果）与低脂对照组志愿者的以下风险差异：在基线时未使用降压药物的志愿者开始使用降压药物的情况（n=2188）；以及基线时使用一种、两种或三种药物的患者（n=2361、n=1579 和 n=554）的治疗升级情况。我们还评估了分配给地中海饮食是否改变了降压药物使用与新发心血管事件之间的关联。
分配到地中海饮食干预组的患者开始使用降压治疗的风险较低（控制饮食组 5 年发生率为 47.1%，地中海饮食组为 43.0%；调整年龄、性别和招募地点后，风险比为 0.84，95%置信区间为 0.740.97）。在富含特级初榨橄榄油的地中海饮食干预组中，基线时使用两种药物的志愿者降低了治疗升级的风险（控制饮食组 5 年发生率为 22.9%，地中海饮食组为 20.1%；风险比为 0.77，95%置信区间为 0.600.99）。分配到地中海饮食干预组减弱了基线时降压治疗与主要不良心血管事件发生率之间的关联（P 交互=0.003）。
在心血管风险较高的老年人群中，遵循地中海饮食可以降低开始或升级降压药物的风险，并减轻降压药物使用者的心血管风险。
