The University of Sydney, Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; The University of Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Psychology, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
The University of Sydney, Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; The University of Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Psychology, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2021 Jul;126:175-193. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.01.003. Epub 2021 Jan 23.
The increasing legal availability of cannabis has important implications for road safety. This systematic review characterised the acute effects of Δ-THC on driving performance and driving-related cognitive skills, with a particular focus on the duration of Δ-THC-induced impairment. Eighty publications and 1534 outcomes were reviewed. Several measures of driving performance and driving-related cognitive skills (e.g. lateral control, tracking, divided attention) demonstrated impairment in meta-analyses of "peak" Δ-THC effects (p's<0.05). Multiple meta-regression analyses further found that regular cannabis users experianced less impairment than 'other' (mostly occasional) cannabis users (p = 0.003) and that the magnitude of oral (n = 243 effect estimates [EE]) and inhaled (n = 481 EEs) Δ-THC-induced impairment depended on various factors (dose, post-treatment time interval, the performance domain (skill) assessed) in other cannabis users (p's<0.05). The latter model predicted that most driving-related cognitive skills would 'recover' (Hedges' g=-0.25) within ∼5-hs (and almost all within ∼7-hs) of inhaling 20 mg of Δ-THC; oral Δ-THC-induced impairment may take longer to subside. These results suggest individuals should wait at least 5 -hs following inhaled cannabis use before performing safety-sensitive tasks.
大麻合法化的日益普及对道路安全有重要影响。本系统综述描述了 Δ-THC 对驾驶表现和驾驶相关认知技能的急性影响，特别关注 Δ-THC 引起的损伤持续时间。共审查了 80 篇出版物和 1534 项结果。几项驾驶表现和驾驶相关认知技能的测量指标（例如，横向控制、跟踪、注意力分散）在“峰值”Δ-THC 效应的荟萃分析中显示出损伤（p<0.05）。多项元回归分析进一步发现，经常使用大麻的人与“其他”（主要是偶尔使用）大麻使用者相比，损伤较小（p=0.003），口服（n=243 效应估计值[EE]）和吸入（n=481 EE）Δ-THC 引起的损伤程度取决于其他大麻使用者的各种因素（剂量、治疗后时间间隔、评估的表现领域（技能））（p<0.05）。后一种模型预测，在吸入 20mg Δ-THC 后约 5 小时内（几乎所有在 7 小时内），大多数驾驶相关认知技能将“恢复”（Hedges' g=-0.25）；口服 Δ-THC 引起的损伤可能需要更长时间才能消退。这些结果表明，个体应在吸入大麻后至少等待 5 小时，然后再进行安全敏感任务。
