Department of Public Health, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, University of Ha'il, Ha'il 81451, Saudi Arabia.
Molecular Diagnostic & Personalized Therapeutic Unit, University of Ha'il, Ha'il 81451, Saudi Arabia.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Jan 20;18(3):847. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18030847.
The COVID-19 outbreak emerged as an ongoing crisis at the beginning of the year 2020. Its horrific manifestation at the community level significantly affects various dimensions of the quality of life (QoL) of all individuals. The study aimed to examine some of the predictors of the QoL during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional online survey questionnaire was used to gather data on the participants' sociodemographic backgrounds, physical health status, psychological reactions, and QoL. We adapted 12 items from the World Health Organization Quality of Life Instruments (WHOQOL-BREF) to assess the QoL. The Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) was used to assess depression, anxiety, and stress. The median and inter-quartile range were used to describe the QoL scores. A multinomial regression analysis was computed between QoL score quartiles and associated factors, and the statistical significance was set at < 0.05. The results of the multinomial regression analysis demonstrated that males (OR = 1.96; 95% CI = 1.31-2.94); participants aged 26 to 35 years (OR = 5.1; 95% CI = 1.33-19.37); non-Saudi participants (OR = 1.69; 95% CI = 1.06-2.57); individuals with chronic diseases (OR = 2.15; 95% CI = 1.33-3.48); those who lost their job (OR = 2.18; 95% CI = 1.04-4.57); and those with depression (OR = 5.70; 95% CI = 3.59-9.05), anxiety (OR = 5.47; 95% CI = 3.38-8.84), and stress (OR = 6.55; 95% CI = 4.01-10.70) were more likely to be in the first quartile of the QoL scores. While the full model predicting the total QoL score was statistically significant (R = 0.962, F (750, 753) = 16,705.4, < 0.001), the three QoL dimensions explained 0.643, 0.283, and 0.036 of the variability in environmental, social, and religious/spiritual dimensions, respectively. The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly influenced various aspects of individuals' QoL, as well as their physical and psychological health. Community-based interventions are needed to mitigate the pandemic's negative effects and enhance the health and QoL of the general population.
2020 年初，COVID-19 疫情爆发成为一场持续的危机。其在社区层面的可怕表现严重影响了所有人生活质量（QoL）的各个方面。本研究旨在探讨沙特阿拉伯 COVID-19 大流行第一波期间 QoL 的一些预测因素。采用横断面在线问卷调查收集参与者的社会人口背景、身体健康状况、心理反应和 QoL 数据。我们从世界卫生组织生活质量量表（WHOQOL-BREF）中改编了 12 个项目来评估 QoL。使用抑郁、焦虑和压力量表-21（DASS-21）评估抑郁、焦虑和压力。使用中位数和四分位距来描述 QoL 评分。对 QoL 评分四分位数与相关因素进行了多项回归分析，统计学意义设为 < 0.05。多项回归分析的结果表明，男性（OR = 1.96；95%CI = 1.31-2.94）；26-35 岁的参与者（OR = 5.1；95%CI = 1.33-19.37）；非沙特参与者（OR = 1.69；95%CI = 1.06-2.57）；患有慢性病的个体（OR = 2.15；95%CI = 1.33-3.48）；失业者（OR = 2.18；95%CI = 1.04-4.57）；以及患有抑郁（OR = 5.70；95%CI = 3.59-9.05）、焦虑（OR = 5.47；95%CI = 3.38-8.84）和压力（OR = 6.55；95%CI = 4.01-10.70）的个体更有可能处于 QoL 评分的第一四分位数。虽然预测总 QoL 评分的全模型具有统计学意义（R = 0.962，F（750，753）= 16705.4，< 0.001），但三个 QoL 维度分别解释了环境、社会和宗教/精神维度的 0.643、0.283 和 0.036 的可变性。COVID-19 大流行对个人生活质量的各个方面以及他们的身心健康产生了重大影响。需要进行基于社区的干预措施来减轻大流行的负面影响，提高普通人群的健康和生活质量。
