Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA.
Materials Physics and Applications Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA.
Biosensors (Basel). 2021 Jan 24;11(2):30. doi: 10.3390/bios11020030.
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been found in plants, mammals, and natural environmental processes. The presence of ROS in mammals has been linked to the development of severe diseases, such as diabetes, cancer, tumors, and several neurodegenerative conditions. The most common ROS involved in human health are superoxide (O), hydrogen peroxide (HO), and hydroxyl radicals (•OH). Organic and inorganic molecules have been integrated with various methods to detect and monitor ROS for understanding the effect of their presence and concentration on diseases caused by oxidative stress. Among several techniques, fluorescence and electrochemical methods have been recently developed and employed for the detection of ROS. This literature review intends to critically discuss the development of these techniques to date, as well as their application for in vitro and in vivo ROS detection regarding free-radical-related diseases. Moreover, important insights into and further steps for using fluorescence and electrochemical methods in the detection of ROS are presented.
活性氧（ROS）存在于植物、哺乳动物和自然环境过程中。在哺乳动物中存在 ROS 与严重疾病的发展有关，如糖尿病、癌症、肿瘤和几种神经退行性疾病。与人类健康最相关的 ROS 是超氧化物（O）、过氧化氢（HO）和羟基自由基（•OH）。已经采用各种方法将有机和无机分子结合起来，以检测和监测 ROS，从而了解其存在和浓度对由氧化应激引起的疾病的影响。在几种技术中，荧光和电化学方法最近已经得到开发和应用，用于检测 ROS。本文综述旨在批判性地讨论迄今为止这些技术的发展，以及它们在体外和体内 ROS 检测方面在与自由基相关疾病方面的应用。此外，还介绍了在使用荧光和电化学方法检测 ROS 方面的重要见解和进一步步骤。
