Tatsukawa Kyohei, Takahashi Hideyuki, Yoshikawa Yuichiro, Ishiguro Hiroshi
Department of Systems Innovation, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
JST ERATO Ishiguro Symbiotic Human Robot Interaction Project, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
Front Robot AI. 2019 Sep 18;6:88. doi: 10.3389/frobt.2019.00088. eCollection 2019.
The perception of robots as mindful enriches how humans relate to them. Given that congruence in perceived representations of the world enable humans to experience commonality in mental states (a shared reality), we propose that congruence between humans, and robots will encourage humans to attribute humanlike mental capacities to robots. To investigate this, we assessed the mental perceptions of a robot in a visual imagination task using Gray et al. mind perception scale, which evaluates experience (capacity to feel), and agency (capacity to plan and do). For each ambiguous picture in the designed task, humans, and a robot imagined an animal. The task was performed under six conditions (2 × 3: Lead/Follow for Low/Medium/High). In the Lead condition, the robot records its perceived animal first; in the Follow condition, the robot records after the human participant. The experiment had three different degrees of congruence: Low (0%), Medium (60%), and High (100%). The results showed that perceived experiences were higher in the Lead condition, suggesting that the robot is perceived to be empathetic. It is probable that the Follow condition was perceived as mimicry rather than shared reality. Therefore, the order of response may have played an important role in commonality in mental states. No differences were observed in the perceived agency across all conditions. These results suggest that the order of response affects how humans perceive the minds of robots. Additionally, we assessed a post-task questionnaire to evaluate the interpersonal closeness that the humans felt toward the android. The main effect was observed in the degrees of congruence. This result is in line with those of previous studies that report relationships across sharing of similarities and friendliness.
将机器人视为有思想的存在丰富了人类与它们的关系。鉴于对世界的感知表征的一致性使人类能够体验心理状态上的共性（共享现实），我们提出人与机器人之间的一致性将促使人类赋予机器人类似人类的心理能力。为了对此进行研究，我们使用格雷等人的心理感知量表，在一项视觉想象任务中评估了对机器人的心理感知，该量表评估体验（感受能力）和能动性（计划和行动能力）。在设计的任务中，对于每一张模棱两可的图片，人类和一个机器人都想象一种动物。该任务在六种条件下进行（2×3：低/中/高程度的引导/跟随）。在引导条件下，机器人先记录其感知到的动物；在跟随条件下，机器人在人类参与者之后记录。实验有三种不同程度的一致性：低（0%）、中（60%）和高（100%）。结果表明，在引导条件下感知到的体验更高，这表明机器人被认为具有同理心。跟随条件很可能被视为模仿而非共享现实。因此，反应顺序可能在心理状态的共性方面发挥了重要作用。在所有条件下，感知到的能动性没有差异。这些结果表明，反应顺序会影响人类对机器人心理的感知。此外，我们评估了一份任务后问卷，以评估人类对机器人的人际亲近感。在一致性程度方面观察到了主要效应。这一结果与之前报道相似性共享和友好关系的研究结果一致。
