Damholdt Malene F, Nørskov Marco, Yamazaki Ryuji, Hakli Raul, Hansen Catharina Vesterager, Vestergaard Christina, Seibt Johanna
Department of Philosophy and the History of Ideas, School of Culture and Society, Aarhus University Aarhus, Denmark ; Unit for Psychooncology and Health Psychology, Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital and Department of Psychology & Behavioural Science, Aarhus University Aarhus, Denmark.
Department of Philosophy and the History of Ideas, School of Culture and Society, Aarhus University Aarhus, Denmark ; Hiroshi Ishiguro Laboratories, Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International Osaka, Japan.
Front Psychol. 2015 Nov 20;6:1701. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01701. eCollection 2015.
Attitudes toward robots influence the tendency to accept or reject robotic devices. Thus it is important to investigate whether and how attitudes toward robots can change. In this pilot study we investigate attitudinal changes in elderly citizens toward a tele-operated robot in relation to three parameters: (i) the information provided about robot functionality, (ii) the number of encounters, (iii) personality type. Fourteen elderly residents at a rehabilitation center participated. Pre-encounter attitudes toward robots, anthropomorphic thinking, and personality were assessed. Thereafter the participants interacted with a tele-operated robot (Telenoid) during their lunch (c. 30 min.) for up to 3 days. Half of the participants were informed that the robot was tele-operated (IC) whilst the other half were naïve to its functioning (UC). Post-encounter assessments of attitudes toward robots and anthropomorphic thinking were undertaken to assess change. Attitudes toward robots were assessed with a new generic 35-items questionnaire (attitudes toward social robots scale: ASOR-5), offering a differentiated conceptualization of the conditions for social interaction. There was no significant difference between the IC and UC groups in attitude change toward robots though trends were observed. Personality was correlated with some tendencies for attitude changes; Extraversion correlated with positive attitude changes to intimate-personal relatedness with the robot (r = 0.619) and to psychological relatedness (r = 0.581) whilst Neuroticism correlated negatively (r = -0.582) with mental relatedness with the robot. The results tentatively suggest that neither information about functionality nor direct repeated encounters are pivotal in changing attitudes toward robots in elderly citizens. This may reflect a cognitive congruence bias where the robot is experienced in congruence with initial attitudes, or it may support action-based explanations of cognitive dissonance reductions, given that robots, unlike computers, are not yet perceived as action targets. Specific personality traits may be indicators of attitude change relating to specific domains of social interaction. Implications and future directions are discussed.
对机器人的态度会影响接受或拒绝机器人设备的倾向。因此，研究对机器人的态度是否以及如何改变很重要。在这项初步研究中，我们调查了老年公民对远程操作机器人的态度变化与三个参数的关系：（i）提供的关于机器人功能的信息，（ii）接触次数，（iii）性格类型。一家康复中心的14名老年居民参与了研究。在接触前评估了对机器人的态度、拟人化思维和性格。此后，参与者在午餐期间（约30分钟）与一个远程操作机器人（Telenoid）互动，为期最多3天。一半的参与者被告知机器人是远程操作的（信息组），而另一半对其功能一无所知（无信息组）。在接触后评估了对机器人的态度和拟人化思维，以评估变化情况。使用一份新的通用35项问卷（对社交机器人态度量表：ASOR-5）评估对机器人的态度，该问卷提供了对社交互动条件的差异化概念化。信息组和无信息组在对机器人态度变化方面没有显著差异，不过观察到了一些趋势。性格与一些态度变化倾向相关；外向性与对与机器人亲密个人关系的积极态度变化（r = 0.619）以及心理关系的积极态度变化（r = 0.581）相关，而神经质与与机器人的心理关系呈负相关（r = -0.582）。结果初步表明，无论是关于功能的信息还是直接的重复接触，在改变老年公民对机器人的态度方面都不是关键因素。这可能反映了一种认知一致性偏差，即机器人的体验与初始态度一致，或者它可能支持基于行动的认知失调减少解释，因为与计算机不同，机器人尚未被视为行动目标。特定的性格特征可能是与社交互动特定领域相关的态度变化指标。讨论了研究结果的意义和未来方向。
