Takahashi Hideyuki, Ban Midori, Asada Minoru
Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University Osaka, Japan.
Faculty of Psychology, Doshisha University Kyoto, Japan.
Front Psychol. 2016 Nov 2;7:1717. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01717. eCollection 2016.
As humans, we tend to perceive minds in both living and non-living entities, such as robots. From a questionnaire developed in a previous mind perception study, authors found that perceived minds could be located on two dimensions "experience" and "agency." This questionnaire allowed the assessment of how we perceive minds of various entities from a multi-dimensional point of view. In this questionnaire, subjects had to evaluate explicit mental capacities of target characters (e.g., capacity to feel hunger). However, we sometimes perceive minds in non-living entities, even though we cannot attribute these evidently biological capacities to the entity. In this study, we performed a large-scale web survey to assess mind perception by using the semantic differential scale method. We revealed that two mind dimensions "emotion" and "intelligence," respectively, corresponded to the two mind dimensions (experience and agency) proposed in a previous mind perception study. We did this without having to ask about specific mental capacities. We believe that the semantic differential scale is a useful method to assess the dimensions of mind perception especially for non-living entities that are hard to be attributed to biological capacities.
作为人类，我们倾向于在生物和非生物实体（如机器人）中感知心智。从之前一项心智感知研究中开发的问卷来看，作者发现，被感知的心智可以定位在“体验”和“能动性”这两个维度上。这份问卷让我们能够从多维度的角度评估我们如何感知各种实体的心智。在这份问卷中，受试者必须评估目标角色的明确心理能力（例如，感到饥饿的能力）。然而，即使我们无法将这些明显的生物能力归因于某个实体，我们有时仍会在非生物实体中感知到心智。在本研究中，我们通过语义差异量表法进行了一项大规模的网络调查，以评估心智感知。我们发现，心智的两个维度“情感”和“智力”分别对应于之前一项心智感知研究中提出的两个心智维度（体验和能动性）。我们无需询问特定的心理能力就能做到这一点。我们认为，语义差异量表是一种评估心智感知维度的有用方法，特别是对于那些难以归因于生物能力的非生物实体。
