CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Anschutz Health & Wellness Center, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA.
J Physiol. 2022 Mar;600(5):1037-1051. doi: 10.1113/JP281064. Epub 2021 Feb 21.
Physical inactivity, i.e. not reaching the recommended level of physical activity (PA), and sedentary behaviours (SB), i.e. sitting time, have been associated with increased risk for common metabolic diseases. Recent epidemiological data suggest that high volumes of SB are detrimental to metabolic health, even in the presence of regular exercise, i.e. moderate/vigorous PA. This suggests that the health effects of SB are independent from those of exercise. However, experimentally testing this hypothesis is complicated because of the difficulty in disassociating SB from PA. Bedrest studies, a traditional space science model, can offer new insights. In some bedrest studies, an exercise training protocol has been used to counteract the harmful effects of inactivity. While bedrest induces an inactive and sedentary state, exercise with bedrest represents a unique model of sedentary yet physically active people. Here, we review bedrest studies with and without exercise training. Although exercise training prevents the loss of muscle mass and function, even large volumes of exercise are not sufficient to fully counteract the negative metabolic adaptations triggered by inactivity. This observation supports the existence of independent adverse health effects of SB, but also the potential benefits of non-exercise activity, i.e. daily living light PA. We gathered available data to examine the complex relationships between exercise, non-exercise activity, SB and health outcomes. Given the large amount of SB in modern societies, the sole promotion of exercise, i.e. moderate/vigorous PA may be insufficient, and promotion of light PA may be a complimentary approach to improve health.
身体活动不足，即未达到推荐的身体活动（PA）水平，以及久坐行为（SB），即坐着的时间，与常见代谢性疾病的风险增加有关。最近的流行病学数据表明，即使有规律的运动，即中等/剧烈 PA，高量的 SB 也对代谢健康有害。这表明 SB 的健康影响独立于运动的影响。然而，由于难以将 SB 与 PA 分开，实验测试这一假设变得复杂。卧床休息研究，一种传统的空间科学模型，可以提供新的见解。在一些卧床休息研究中，使用运动训练方案来抵消不活动的有害影响。虽然卧床休息会导致不活动和久坐的状态，但卧床休息时的运动代表了一种独特的久坐但身体活跃的人群模式。在这里，我们回顾了有和没有运动训练的卧床休息研究。虽然运动训练可以防止肌肉质量和功能的丧失，但即使进行大量运动也不足以完全抵消不活动引起的负面代谢适应。这一观察结果支持 SB 的独立不良健康影响的存在，也支持非运动活动，即日常轻体力活动的潜在益处。我们收集了可用数据来检查运动、非运动活动、SB 和健康结果之间的复杂关系。鉴于现代社会中 SB 的大量存在，仅促进运动，即中等/剧烈 PA 可能是不够的，促进轻 PA 可能是改善健康的一种补充方法。
