Department of Nursing, University of Alicante, 03690 San Vicente, Spain.
Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-220 Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Jan 25;18(3):1053. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18031053.
(1) Objective: To describe men's experiences as acute myocardial infarction sufferers from a social phenomenological perspective, a year after the event (2) Methods: The phenomenological interview was used to capture the participants' discourse. The data were analyzed according to the theoretical methodological approach of social phenomenology. (3) Results: The discourse analysis of the content produced the following categories, set out according reasons "why": personal biography, knowledge set, warning signs prior to the illness, experience at the intensive care unit, and rehabilitation process; and reasons "for": expectations as regards the illness, health professionals, and future social life and work prospects. (4) Conclusions: Participants had not established a healthy condition one year after myocardial infarction, perceiving a very thin line between life and death. Personal biography influences the coping of the disease. They feel like the illness helped them to create new meanings and value of life. They envisage a future full of great restrictions and uncertainty. The results of this study have underlined the need to involve care at all stages of the illness: the physical and emotional dependence upon admittance at the intensive care unit, the need to be cured, the constant demand for information about the illness, the difficulties encountered upon returning home, uncertainty about the future, etc. All these moments indicate that proper nursing care adapted to the specific needs of each individual and their family members must be provided in order to help them to overcome all the stages involved in this process. It is necessary to individualize care because the sense of reality is common and universal, but the ways of expressing are subjective, and it depended on the totality of experiences accumulated throughout life.
（1）目的：从社会现象学的角度描述男性急性心肌梗死患者在事件发生一年后的经历。（2）方法：采用现象学访谈来捕捉参与者的话语。根据社会现象学的理论方法论方法对数据进行分析。（3）结果：对内容的话语分析产生了以下类别，根据“为什么”的原因列出：个人传记、知识体系、疾病前的警告信号、重症监护室的经历和康复过程；以及“为了”的原因：对疾病的期望、卫生专业人员以及未来的社会生活和工作前景。（4）结论：参与者在心肌梗死后一年没有建立健康状况，在生与死之间感到非常脆弱。个人传记影响疾病的应对。他们觉得疾病帮助他们创造了新的生命意义和价值。他们设想未来充满了巨大的限制和不确定性。这项研究的结果强调了在疾病的所有阶段都需要提供护理：在重症监护室入院时的身体和情感依赖、治愈的需要、对疾病信息的不断需求、回家后遇到的困难、对未来的不确定性等。所有这些时刻都表明，必须提供适合每个个体及其家庭成员特定需求的适当护理，以帮助他们克服这个过程中涉及的所有阶段。个性化护理是必要的，因为现实感是普遍的，但表达的方式是主观的，这取决于一生积累的经验的总和。
