新冠疫情社交隔离期间的倦怠、心理资本与健康：纵向分析。
Burnout, Psychological Capital and Health during COVID-19 Social Isolation: A Longitudinal Analysis.
机构信息
Psychiatry and Social Psychology Department, Faculty of Psychology, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
Psychiatry and Social Psychology Department, Faculty of Labor Sciences, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
出版信息
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Jan 25;18(3):1064. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18031064.
BACKGROUND
Drawing on the impact of the COVID-19 global pandemic and its sanitary measures on coping strategies for preserving health, it is also necessary to add exposure to certain work stressors, such as burnout. The aim of the study was to assess the influence of the confinement situation caused by COVID-19 on the levels of self-perceived health and psychological capital in a sample of workers, as well as to analyze whether exposure to burnout before social isolation would help to explain the levels of health and psychological capital.
METHODS
Data were collected in a longitudinal design. Time 1 surveys (December 2019) were sent to a sample of 354 Spanish workers while in Time 2 (April 2020) the employees completed 235 questionnaires.
RESULTS
Our findings indicate a significant worsening of employees' health perception (t = -4.13; < 0.01) and psychological capital (4.10, < 0.01) levels during mandatory confinement in Spain. Our results also revealed that emotional exhaustion is the only burnout dimension capable of explaining the variance of health while self-efficacy does regarding psychological capital.
CONCLUSION
We conclude a significant reduction in self-perceived health and psychological capital during COVID-19 mandatory confinement, and that burnout acts as a predictor variable in both health and psychological capital variance.
背景
借鉴 COVID-19 全球大流行及其卫生措施对保持健康的应对策略的影响，还需要增加对某些工作压力源的接触，例如倦怠。本研究的目的是评估 COVID-19 强制隔离对工人样本中自我感知健康和心理资本水平的影响，并分析在社会隔离之前是否接触倦怠有助于解释健康和心理资本水平。
方法
数据采用纵向设计收集。在时间 1 调查（2019 年 12 月）中向 354 名西班牙工人发送了样本，而在时间 2（2020 年 4 月）中，员工完成了 235 份问卷。
结果
我们的研究结果表明，在西班牙强制隔离期间，员工的健康感知（t=-4.13；<0.01）和心理资本（4.10；<0.01）水平显著恶化。我们的研究结果还表明，情绪衰竭是唯一能够解释健康差异的倦怠维度，而自我效能感则可以解释心理资本的差异。
结论
我们得出结论，在 COVID-19 强制隔离期间，自我感知健康和心理资本显著下降，倦怠是健康和心理资本差异的预测变量。
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