Medical Physiology Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki 12622, Cairo, Egypt.
World J Gastroenterol. 2021 Jan 7;27(1):37-54. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i1.37.
The term lipidome is mentioned to the total amount of the lipids inside the biological cells. The lipid enters the human gastrointestinal tract through external source and internal source. The absorption pathway of lipids in the gastrointestinal tract has many ways; the 1 way, the lipid molecules are digested in the lumen before go through the enterocytes, digested products are re-esterified into complex lipid molecules. The 2 way, the intracellular lipids are accumulated into lipoproteins (chylomicrons) which transport lipids throughout the whole body. The lipids are re-synthesis again inside the human body where the gastrointestinal lipids are: (1) Transferred into the endoplasmic reticulum; (2) Collected as lipoproteins such as chylomicrons; or (3) Stored as lipid droplets in the cytosol. The lipids play an important role in many stages of the viral replication cycle. The specific lipid change occurs during viral infection in advanced viral replication cycle. There are 47 lipids within 11 lipid classes were significantly disturbed after viral infection. The virus connects with blood-borne lipoproteins and apolipoprotein E to change viral infectivity. The viral interest is cholesterol- and lipid raft-dependent molecules. In conclusion, lipidome is important in gastrointestinal fat absorption and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection so lipidome is basic in gut metabolism and in COVID-19 infection success.
脂质组学是指生物细胞内脂质的总量。脂质通过外源性和内源性途径进入人体胃肠道。胃肠道内脂质的吸收途径有很多种；一种途径是脂质分子在穿过肠细胞前在腔中被消化，消化产物被重新酯化形成复杂的脂质分子。另一种途径是细胞内脂质被积累成脂蛋白（乳糜微粒），从而将脂质输送到全身。人体内的胃肠道脂质有以下三种再合成途径：（1）转移到内质网；（2）作为脂蛋白（如乳糜微粒）收集；或（3）储存在细胞质中的脂质滴中。脂质在病毒复制周期的许多阶段都发挥着重要作用。在晚期病毒复制周期中，病毒感染时会发生特定的脂质变化。在病毒感染后，有 47 种脂质在 11 种脂质类别中发生了显著变化。病毒与血液脂蛋白和载脂蛋白 E 结合，改变病毒的感染力。病毒感兴趣的是胆固醇和脂质筏依赖性分子。总之，脂质组学在胃肠道脂肪吸收和 2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）感染中很重要，因此脂质组学是肠道代谢和 COVID-19 感染成功的基础。
