Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
Graduate School of Global Food Resources, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
Mass Spectrom Rev. 2024 Sep-Oct;43(5):1041-1065. doi: 10.1002/mas.21848. Epub 2023 May 8.
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has emerged as a global health threat and has rapidly spread worldwide. Significant changes in the lipid profile before and after COVID-19 confirmed the significance of lipid metabolism in regulating the response to viral infection. Therefore, understanding the role of lipid metabolism may facilitate the development of new therapeutics for COVID-19. Owing to their high sensitivity and accuracy, mass spectrometry (MS)-based methods are widely used for rapidly identifying and quantifying of thousands of lipid species present in a small amount of sample. To enhance the capabilities of MS for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of lipids, different platforms have been combined to cover a wide range of lipidomes with high sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. Currently, MS-based technologies are being established as efficient methods for discovering potential diagnostic biomarkers for COVID-19 and related diseases. As the lipidome of the host cell is drastically affected by the viral replication process, investigating lipid profile alterations in patients with COVID-19 and targeting lipid metabolism pathways are considered to be crucial steps in host-directed drug targeting to develop better therapeutic strategies. This review summarizes various MS-based strategies that have been developed for lipidomic analyzes and biomarker discoveries to combat COVID-19 by integrating various other potential approaches using different human samples. Furthermore, this review discusses the challenges in using MS technologies and future perspectives in terms of drug discovery and diagnosis of COVID-19.
新型冠状病毒病 (COVID-19) 已成为全球健康威胁，并在全球范围内迅速传播。COVID-19 确诊前后血脂谱的显著变化证实了脂质代谢在调节病毒感染反应中的重要性。因此，了解脂质代谢的作用可能有助于开发 COVID-19 的新疗法。由于其灵敏度和准确性高，基于质谱 (MS) 的方法广泛用于快速鉴定和定量小样本中存在的数千种脂质种类。为了增强 MS 对脂质进行定性和定量分析的能力，不同的平台已被结合使用，以高灵敏度、特异性和准确性覆盖广泛的脂质组。目前，基于 MS 的技术正被确立为发现 COVID-19 及相关疾病潜在诊断生物标志物的有效方法。由于宿主细胞的脂质组受病毒复制过程的强烈影响，因此研究 COVID-19 患者的脂质谱变化并靶向脂质代谢途径被认为是针对宿主的药物靶向开发更好的治疗策略的关键步骤。本文综述了各种基于 MS 的策略，这些策略已被开发用于脂质组学分析和生物标志物发现，以通过整合使用不同人类样本的其他各种潜在方法来对抗 COVID-19。此外，本文还讨论了在 COVID-19 的药物发现和诊断中使用 MS 技术的挑战和未来展望。
