Claudino João Gustavo, Cardoso Filho Carlos Alberto, Bittencourt Natália Franco Netto, Gonçalves Luiz Gilherme, Couto Crislaine Rangel, Quintão Roberto Chiari, Reis Guilherme Fialho, de Oliveira Júnior Otaviano, Amadio Alberto Carlos, Boullosa Daniel, Serrão Júlio Cerca
School of Physical Education and Sport - Laboratory of Biomechanics, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Mello de Morais, 65 - Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-030, Brazil.
Research and Development Department, LOAD CONTROL, Contagem, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Sports Med Open. 2021 Jan 28;7(1):10. doi: 10.1186/s40798-021-00298-7.
Given the severe economic and performance implications of hamstring injuries, there are different attempts to identify their risk factors for subsequently developing injury prevention strategies to reduce the risk of these injuries. One of the strategies reported in the scientific literature is the application of interventions with eccentric exercises. To verify the effectiveness of these interventions, different eccentric strength measurements have been used with low-cost devices as alternatives to the widespread used isokinetic dynamometers and the technically limited handheld dynamometers. Therefore, the purpose of the present systematic review was to summarize the findings of the scientific literature related to the evaluation of eccentric strength of hamstring muscles with these new technologies.
Systematic searches through the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, from inception up to April 2020, were conducted for peer reviewed articles written in English, reporting eccentric strength of hamstrings assessed by devices, different to isokinetic and handheld dynamometers, in athletes.
Seventeen studies were finally included in the review with 4 different devices used and 18 parameters identified. The pooled sample consisted of 2893 participants (97% male and 3% female: 22 ± 4 years). The parameters most used were peak force (highest and average), peak torque (average and highest), and between-limb imbalance (left-to-right limb ratio). There is inconsistency regarding the association between eccentric hamstrings strength and both injury risk and athletic performance. There is no standardized definition or standardization of the calculation of the used parameters.
The current evidence is insufficient to recommend a practical guide for sports professionals to use these new technologies in their daily routine, due to the need for standardized definitions and calculations. Furthermore, more studies with female athletes are warranted. Despite these limitations, the eccentric strength of hamstring muscles assessed by different devices may be recommended for monitoring the neuromuscular status of athletes.
鉴于腘绳肌损伤会带来严重的经济和表现影响，人们尝试通过识别其风险因素来制定后续的损伤预防策略，以降低此类损伤的风险。科学文献中报道的一种策略是应用包含离心运动的干预措施。为了验证这些干预措施的有效性，人们使用了不同的低成本设备来测量离心力量，以替代广泛使用的等速测力计和技术上有局限的手持测力计。因此，本系统综述的目的是总结科学文献中有关使用这些新技术评估腘绳肌离心力量的研究结果。
通过PubMed、Scopus和Web of Science数据库进行系统检索，检索时间从建库至2020年4月，查找以英文撰写的、报告了使用不同于等速和手持测力计的设备评估运动员腘绳肌离心力量的同行评审文章。
本综述最终纳入了17项研究，使用了4种不同的设备，并确定了18个参数。汇总样本包括2893名参与者（97%为男性，3%为女性：年龄22±4岁）。最常使用的参数是峰值力（最高值和平均值）、峰值扭矩（平均值和最高值）以及肢体间不平衡（左右肢比例）。腘绳肌离心力量与损伤风险和运动表现之间的关联存在不一致性。所使用参数的定义和计算方法均未标准化。
由于需要标准化的定义和计算方法，目前的证据不足以向体育专业人员推荐在日常工作中使用这些新技术的实用指南。此外，有必要开展更多针对女运动员的研究。尽管存在这些局限性，但使用不同设备评估的腘绳肌离心力量可用于监测运动员的神经肌肉状态。
