University of Hamburg, Institute of Systematic Musicology, Neue Rabenstr. 13, 20354, Hamburg, Germany.
Atten Percept Psychophys. 2021 May;83(4):1552-1561. doi: 10.3758/s13414-020-02227-4. Epub 2021 Jan 29.
Experiences of time vary intra- and interindividually, depending on factors such as attentional resource allocation and arousal. Music as a temporal art that is structured by multiple temporal layers is ideal for investigating human time experiences. The current study used examples of hip-hop music that varied in arousal but were constant in tempo. Participants judged the passage of time to be quicker when cognitive load was high in a dual-task condition, and perceived duration to be shorter when performing a concurrent motor task (tapping along with the music). Perceived musical arousal did not affect subjective time. Attending to a higher metrical level by tapping with half notes resulted in shorter duration estimates and a quicker passage of time, compared to tapping with eighth notes of the same music. Results were not influenced by spontaneous motor tempo, musical expertise, preference or familiarity with the music. Taken together, these findings indicate consistent effects of cognitive load and attention to meter on time experiences.
个体内部和个体之间的时间体验因人而异，这取决于注意力资源分配和觉醒等因素。音乐作为一种时间艺术，由多个时间层次构成，非常适合研究人类的时间体验。本研究使用了不同唤醒水平但节奏不变的嘻哈音乐示例。在双任务条件下，当认知负荷较高时，参与者认为时间流逝得更快，而当执行并发运动任务（随着音乐敲击）时，他们认为持续时间更短。感知到的音乐唤醒程度不会影响主观时间。与敲击相同音乐的八分音符相比，用半音符敲击会让人感觉时间更短，时间流逝更快。结果不受自发运动节奏、音乐专业知识、对音乐的偏好或熟悉程度的影响。总的来说，这些发现表明认知负荷和对节奏的注意力对时间体验有一致的影响。
