Dilley Emma K, Zou Liye, Loprinzi Paul D
Exercise & Memory Laboratory, Department of Health, Exercise Science and Recreation Management, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.
Lifestyle (Mind-Body Movement) Research Center, College of Sport Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
Health Promot Perspect. 2019 May 25;9(2):143-149. doi: 10.15171/hpp.2019.20. eCollection 2019.
Previous experimental work demonstrates that acute exercise may enhance episodic memory performance. However, limited research has examined the extent to which acute exercise influences false episodic memory production, and no studies, to date, have examined whether there is an intensity-specific effect of acute exercise on both true episodic and false episodic memories. Thus, the present experiment evaluated the effects of intensity-specific acute exercise on episodic memory and false episodic memory. A three-arm, parallel, between-group randomized controlled trial was employed in the University setting, with participants (N=60; M= 20.8 years) randomized into a moderate intensity exercise group (15-minute bout of treadmill exercise at 50% heart rate reserve), a high intensity exercise group (15-minute bout of treadmill exercise at 80% heart rate reserve), or a control group (time-matched period of sitting). True episodic and false episodic memory were both assessed using 6 word-lists from the Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) paradigm, including both a short-term recall and a delayed memory recognition assessment. For the number of words recalled across each of the 6 lists, there was a significant main effect for list (P<0.001, η =0.15), marginally significant main effect for group (P=0.07, η =0.09), but no list by group interaction effect (P=0.44, η =0.03). Those in the high-intensity exercise group recalled significantly (P<0.05) more words than the control group. For the false episodic word recall, across various lists, high-intensity acute exercise was associated with a greater rate of false episodic memories. For the memory recognition task, there was no main effect for word type (P=0.46, η =0.01), group (P=0.4443, η =.03), word type by group interaction (P=0.44,η =0.03), recall by group interaction (P=0.4441, η =0.04), or word type by recall by group interaction (P=0.32, η =0.04). However, there was a main effect for recall (P<0.001, η =.54)and a word type by recall interaction (P<0.001, η =0.77). These findings suggest that acute high-intensity exercise may enhance true episodic memories, and, possibly, also increase the rate of false episodic memories. We discuss these findings in the context of how different acute exercise intensities may have unique and differential effects on underlying mechanistic processes related to true and false episodic memory.
以往的实验研究表明，急性运动可能会提高情景记忆表现。然而，仅有有限的研究考察了急性运动对错误情景记忆产生的影响程度，并且迄今为止，尚无研究探讨急性运动对真实情景记忆和错误情景记忆是否存在强度特异性效应。因此，本实验评估了强度特异性急性运动对情景记忆和错误情景记忆的影响。在大学环境中进行了一项三臂、平行、组间随机对照试验，参与者（N = 60；M = 20.8岁）被随机分为中等强度运动组（在心率储备50%的情况下进行15分钟的跑步机运动）、高强度运动组（在心率储备80%的情况下进行15分钟的跑步机运动）或对照组（时间匹配的静坐期）。使用来自Deese-Roediger-McDermott（DRM）范式的6个单词列表评估真实情景记忆和错误情景记忆，包括短期回忆和延迟记忆识别评估。对于6个列表中每个列表回忆出的单词数量，列表存在显著的主效应（P < 0.001，η = 0.15），组存在边缘显著的主效应（P = 0.07，η = 0.09），但列表与组之间不存在交互效应（P = 0.44，η = 0.03）。高强度运动组的参与者回忆出的单词数量显著多于对照组（P < 0.05）。对于错误情景单词回忆，在各个列表中，高强度急性运动与更高的错误情景记忆发生率相关。对于记忆识别任务，单词类型不存在主效应（P = 0.46，η = 0.01），组不存在主效应（P = 0.4443，η = 0.03），单词类型与组之间不存在交互效应（P = 0.44，η = 0.03），回忆与组之间不存在交互效应（P = 0.4441，η = 0.04），单词类型与回忆与组之间不存在交互效应（P = 0.32，η = 0.04）。然而，回忆存在主效应（P < 0.001，η = 0.54）以及单词类型与回忆之间存在交互效应（P < 0.001，η = 0.77）。这些发现表明，急性高强度运动可能会增强真实情景记忆，并且可能还会增加错误情景记忆的发生率。我们将在不同急性运动强度如何对与真实和错误情景记忆相关的潜在机制过程产生独特和不同影响的背景下讨论这些发现。
