支链氨基酸的饮食摄入与抑郁、焦虑和心理困扰的关系。
Dietary intake of branched-chain amino acids in relation to depression, anxiety and psychological distress.
机构信息
Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran.
Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 14155-6117, Tehran, Iran.
出版信息
Nutr J. 2021 Jan 29;20(1):11. doi: 10.1186/s12937-021-00670-z.
BACKGROUND
There is no previous study that examined the association between branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) intake and odds of psychological disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between dietary BCAAs and odds of psychological disorders including depression, anxiety, and psychological distress in a large sample of Iranian adults.
METHODS
In this cross-sectional study on 3175 Iranian adults aged 18-55 years, a validated food frequency questionnaire was used to assess dietary intakes. BCAAs intake was computed by summing up the amount of valine, leucine, and isoleucine intake from all food items in the questionnaire. Psychological health was examined through the use of Iranian validated version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Psychological distress was assessed using General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). For depression and anxiety, scores of 8 or more on either subscale were considered as psychological disorders and scores of 0-7 were defined as "normal". In terms of psychological distress, the score of 4 or more was defined as psychological distress.
RESULTS
Mean age of study participants was 36.2 ± 7.8 years. Overall, 26.4% (n = 837) of study subjects had depression, 11.9% (n = 378) had anxiety and 20.9% (n = 665) were affected by psychological distress. After controlling for potential confounders, participants in the highest tertile of total BCAAs intake had lower odds of depression (OR: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.60-0.96) and anxiety (OR: 0.66; 95% CI: 0.47-0.91) compared with those in the lowest tertile. Participants in the top tertile of valine intake had a lower odds of depression (OR: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.60-0.96) and anxiety (OR: 0.65; 95% CI: 0.47-0.90) compared with those in the bottom tertile. A significant inverse association was also seen between leucine intake and depression (OR: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.61-0.98) and anxiety (OR: 0.66; 95% CI: 0.47-0.91). In addition, a significant inverse association was observed between isoleucine intake and odds of depression (OR: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.59-0.95) and anxiety (OR: 0.62; 95% CI: 0.45-0.86). There was no significant association between isoleucine intake and odds of psychological distress.
CONCLUSION
Evidence indicating an inverse association between dietary intake of BCAAs and odds of depression and anxiety was found. Prospective studies are required to confirm these findings.
背景
目前尚无研究探讨支链氨基酸（BCAAs）摄入与心理障碍发生几率之间的关系。本研究旨在调查伊朗成年人中，膳食 BCAA 摄入量与抑郁、焦虑和心理困扰等各种心理障碍发生几率之间的相关性。
方法
本横断面研究纳入了 3175 名年龄在 18-55 岁的伊朗成年人，采用经过验证的食物频率问卷评估膳食摄入量。通过将问卷中所有食物的缬氨酸、亮氨酸和异亮氨酸摄入量相加来计算 BCAA 摄入量。使用经过伊朗验证的医院焦虑和抑郁量表（HADS）评估心理健康状况。采用一般健康问卷（GHQ）评估心理困扰程度。对于抑郁和焦虑，任一亚量表得分≥8 分被认为存在心理障碍，得分 0-7 分定义为“正常”。对于心理困扰，得分≥4 分被定义为存在心理困扰。
结果
研究对象的平均年龄为 36.2±7.8 岁。总体而言，26.4%（n=837）的研究对象患有抑郁，11.9%（n=378）患有焦虑，20.9%（n=665）存在心理困扰。在调整了潜在混杂因素后，与最低三分位组相比，总 BCAA 摄入量最高三分位组的参与者发生抑郁（OR：0.76；95%CI：0.60-0.96）和焦虑（OR：0.66；95%CI：0.47-0.91）的几率更低。与最低三分位组相比，Val 摄入量最高三分位组的参与者发生抑郁（OR：0.76；95%CI：0.60-0.96）和焦虑（OR：0.65；95%CI：0.47-0.90）的几率更低。亮氨酸摄入量与抑郁（OR：0.77；95%CI：0.61-0.98）和焦虑（OR：0.66；95%CI：0.47-0.91）发生几率之间也存在显著负相关。异亮氨酸摄入量与抑郁（OR：0.75；95%CI：0.59-0.95）和焦虑（OR：0.62；95%CI：0.45-0.86）发生几率之间也存在显著负相关。异亮氨酸摄入量与心理困扰发生几率之间无显著相关性。
结论
有证据表明膳食 BCAA 摄入量与抑郁和焦虑发生几率之间呈负相关。需要开展前瞻性研究来证实这些发现。
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