Gill G W, Hughes S S, Bennett S M, Gilbert B M
Department of Anthropology, University of Wyoming, Laramie.
J Forensic Sci. 1988 Jan;33(1):92-9.
Successful approaches to race determination of unidentified human remains have been developed by anatomists and physical anthropologists, but few quantitative methods are available for distinguishing American Indian crania from those of whites. The leading method in use today is particularly ineffective in its placement of American Indian skulls from the western regions of the United States. Recent development and testing of a new metric method suggests a much more effective technique. The method involves six breadth and projection measurements of the midfacial skeleton, the calculation of three indices, and a simple direct reading of results. The method has the additional advantage of use in the autopsy room with minimal dissection of soft tissue required. Based upon a less extensive test of East Asian and Arctic Mongoloid crania, the method appears to be even more effective in separating them from the sharp featured whites. Larger samples of American blacks and Polynesians are presently under study and these also appear to separate quite readily from whites using the same or similar sectioning values.
解剖学家和体质人类学家已经开发出了用于确定身份不明的人类遗骸种族的成功方法，但用于区分美洲印第安人头骨和白人头骨的定量方法却很少。目前使用的主要方法在美国西部地区对美洲印第安人头骨的判定上特别无效。一种新的测量方法的最新开发和测试表明了一种更有效的技术。该方法包括对面中部骨骼进行六项宽度和投影测量、计算三个指数以及直接简单读取结果。该方法还有一个额外的优点，即在尸检室使用时只需对软组织进行最少的解剖。基于对东亚和北极蒙古人种头骨的不太广泛的测试，该方法在将它们与面部特征鲜明的白人区分开来时似乎更有效。目前正在对更多的美国黑人和波利尼西亚人样本进行研究，使用相同或类似的切片值，这些样本似乎也能很容易地与白人区分开来。
