School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK.
Eye (Lond). 2021 Apr;35(4):1117-1139. doi: 10.1038/s41433-020-01376-y. Epub 2021 Jan 29.
Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) are an increasing threat to public health on a global scale. In recent times, the most prominent outbreaks have constituted RNA viruses, spreading via droplets (COVID-19 and Influenza A H1N1), directly between humans (Ebola and Marburg), via arthropod vectors (Dengue, Zika, West Nile, Chikungunya, Crimean Congo) and zoonotically (Lassa fever, Nipah, Rift Valley fever, Hantaviruses). However, specific approved antiviral therapies and vaccine availability are scarce, and public health measures remain critical. Patients can present with a spectrum of ocular manifestations. Emerging infectious diseases should therefore be considered in the differential diagnosis of ocular inflammatory conditions in patients inhabiting or returning from endemic territories, and more general vigilance is advisable in the context of a global pandemic. Eye specialists are in a position to facilitate swift diagnosis, improve clinical outcomes, and contribute to wider public health efforts during outbreaks. This article reviews those emerging viral diseases associated with reports of ocular manifestations and summarizes details pertinent to practicing eye specialists.
新发传染病（EIDs）在全球范围内对公共卫生构成日益严重的威胁。最近，最突出的暴发是 RNA 病毒，通过飞沫（COVID-19 和甲型流感 H1N1）、人与人之间直接传播（埃博拉和马尔堡）、通过节肢动物媒介（登革热、寨卡、西尼罗河、基孔肯雅热、克里米亚刚果出血热）和动物源传播（拉沙热、尼帕、裂谷热、汉坦病毒）。然而，特定的批准的抗病毒疗法和疫苗供应稀缺，公共卫生措施仍然至关重要。患者可能出现一系列眼部表现。因此，在居住或从流行地区返回的患者的眼部炎症性疾病的鉴别诊断中应考虑新发传染病，并且在全球大流行的背景下，应保持更广泛的警惕。眼科专家能够促进快速诊断、改善临床结果，并在疫情爆发期间为更广泛的公共卫生工作做出贡献。本文综述了与眼部表现报告相关的新发病毒性疾病，并总结了与眼科专家相关的详细信息。
