新发传染病的眼部表现。
Ocular manifestations of emerging infectious diseases.
机构信息
Department of Ophthalmology, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia.
出版信息
Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2013 Nov;24(6):574-80. doi: 10.1097/ICU.0b013e3283654e09.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Emergent and resurgent infectious diseases are major causes of systemic morbidity and death that are expanding worldwide mainly because of climate changes and globalization. Among them, specific diseases have been recently associated with ocular involvement. This review presents the ocular manifestations of selected emerging infectious diseases relevant to the ophthalmologist.
RECENT FINDINGS
An array of ocular manifestations, involving mainly the posterior segment, have been recently described in association with specific arthropod vector-borne diseases including rickettsioses, West Nile virus, Rift Valley fever, Dengue fever, and Chikungunya. Influenza A (H1N1) virus has also been recently associated with ocular involvement. On the contrary, with advances in laboratory testing applied to ocular fluids, new infectious agents, mainly viruses, are increasingly being found to be associated with uveitis.
SUMMARY
Emerging infectious diseases should be considered in the differential diagnosis of retinitis, chorioretinitis, retinal vasculitis, optic neuropathy, or any other ocular inflammatory condition in a patient living in or traveling back from a specific endemic area. On the contrary, ocular fluid sampling and analysis for specific new pathogens can be recommended in selected patients with uveitis of unexplained cause.
目的综述
新发和再现传染病是导致全球范围内系统发病率和死亡率增加的主要原因，这主要是由于气候变化和全球化。其中，一些特定疾病最近与眼部受累有关。本文主要介绍与眼科医生相关的几种新发传染病的眼部表现。
最近的发现
与特定节肢动物媒介传播疾病相关的一系列眼部表现，主要涉及后段，最近已被描述，包括立克次体病、西尼罗河病毒、裂谷热、登革热和基孔肯雅热。甲型流感（H1N1）病毒也与眼部受累有关。相反，随着应用于眼液的实验室检测技术的进步，越来越多的新病原体，主要是病毒，被发现与葡萄膜炎有关。
总结
对于居住在特定流行地区或从该地区返回的患者，出现视网膜炎、脉络膜炎、视网膜血管炎、视神经病变或任何其他眼部炎症性疾病时，应考虑新发传染病的鉴别诊断。相反，对于原因不明的葡萄膜炎患者，可以推荐进行特定新病原体的眼液采样和分析。
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