Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 71 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, China.
Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 71 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, China; Stanford University Medical School, Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA.
Cancer Lett. 2021 Apr 10;503:103-109. doi: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.01.021. Epub 2021 Jan 28.
Genomic instability is an important characteristic of cancer, which promotes clonal evolution and tumorigenesis by increasing the frequency of gene destruction and loss of genome integrity. Generally, the maintenance of genomic stability depends significantly on the accurate regulation and timely repair of different genomic scales, ranging from DNA sequence to chromatin higher-order structures to chromosomes. Once irreversible damage and imperfect repair occurred, the resulting genomic instability can lead to a higher risk of tumorigenesis. However, how these factors disrupt genomic stability and their specific tumorigenic mechanisms remain unclear. Inspiringly, numerous studies have confirmed that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), an important regulator of epigenetic inheritance, are functional in such process. Thus, this review aimed to discuss the vital factors that may lead to genomic instability at these multiple genomic scales, with an emphasis on the role of lncRNAs in it.
基因组不稳定性是癌症的一个重要特征，它通过增加基因破坏和基因组完整性丧失的频率，促进克隆进化和肿瘤发生。通常，基因组稳定性的维持在很大程度上取决于不同基因组尺度的准确调节和及时修复，范围从 DNA 序列到染色质高级结构再到染色体。一旦发生不可逆转的损伤和不完善的修复，由此产生的基因组不稳定性可能导致更高的肿瘤发生风险。然而，这些因素如何破坏基因组稳定性及其具体的肿瘤发生机制尚不清楚。令人鼓舞的是，大量研究证实，长非编码 RNA（lncRNA）作为表观遗传遗传的重要调控因子，在这一过程中具有功能。因此，本综述旨在讨论可能导致这些多个基因组尺度上基因组不稳定性的重要因素，并重点讨论 lncRNA 在其中的作用。
