Compton Tim, Skinner Matthew M, Humphrey Louise, Pope Matthew, Bates Martin, Davies Thomas W, Parfitt Simon A, Plummer William P, Scott Beccy, Shaw Andrew, Stringer Chris
Centre for Human Evolution Research, Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK.
School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NR, UK; Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
J Hum Evol. 2021 Mar;152:102939. doi: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2020.102939. Epub 2021 Jan 29.
Thirteen permanent fully erupted teeth were excavated at the Paleolithic site of La Cotte de St Brelade in Jersey in 1910 and 1911. These were all found in the same location, on a ledge behind a hearth in a Mousterian occupation level. They were originally identified as being Neanderthal. A fragment of occipital bone was found in a separate locality in a later season. Recent dating of adjacent sediments gives a probable age of <48 ka. The purpose of this article is to provide an updated description of the morphology of this material and consider its likely taxonomic assignment from comparison with Neanderthal and Homo sapiens samples. One of the original teeth has been lost, and we identify one as nonhominin. At least two adult individuals are represented. Cervix shape and the absence of common Neanderthal traits in several teeth suggest affinities with H. sapiens in both individuals, while crown and root dimensions and root morphology of all the teeth are entirely consistent with a Neanderthal attribution, pointing toward a possible shared Neanderthal and H. sapiens ancestry (the likely date of this material corresponds with the time in which both Neanderthals and H. sapiens were present in Europe). The occipital fragment is stratigraphically more recent and does not exhibit any diagnostic Neanderthal features.
1910年和1911年，在泽西岛圣布雷拉德湾洞穴的旧石器时代遗址发掘出了13颗完全萌出的恒牙。这些牙齿均在同一地点被发现，位于莫斯特文化居住层中一个壁炉后方的壁架上。它们最初被鉴定为尼安德特人的牙齿。在随后的一个季节里，在另一个地点发现了一块枕骨碎片。对相邻沉积物的最新测年结果显示其可能年龄小于4.8万年。本文的目的是对这些材料的形态进行更新描述，并通过与尼安德特人和智人样本进行比较，考虑其可能的分类归属。最初的牙齿中有一颗已丢失，我们鉴定其中一颗为非人类牙齿。这些牙齿至少代表了两个成年个体。牙颈形状以及几颗牙齿中缺乏常见的尼安德特人特征表明这两个个体与智人有亲缘关系，而所有牙齿的冠部和根部尺寸以及根部形态完全符合尼安德特人的特征，这表明可能存在尼安德特人和智人共同的祖先（这些材料的可能年代与尼安德特人和智人同时存在于欧洲的时期相对应）。枕骨碎片在地层上更为晚近，且未表现出任何典型的尼安德特人特征。
