Tietjen Ruth Rebecca
Department of Philosophy, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
Phenomenol Cogn Sci. 2021;20(1):75-91. doi: 10.1007/s11097-020-09664-4. Epub 2020 Mar 13.
What kind of affective phenomenon is religious zeal and how does it relate to other affective phenomena, such as moral anger, hatred, and love? In this paper, I argue that religious zeal can both, and be and as both, a love-like passion and an anger-like emotion. As a passion, religious zeal consists of the loving devotion to a transcendent religious object or idea such as God. It is a relatively enduring attachment that is constitutive of who the zealot is, and it expresses itself in a distinctive set of mental and behavioral dispositions. Most importantly, it motivates uncompromising actions and involves intense, hot, and deep emotions. As an anger-like emotion, religious zeal is an occurrent affective state of mind that is intentionally directed towards a specific (immanent) object, characteristically a person or group of persons. It condemns the violation of a religious norm that is taken to be of absolute validity and general applicability. It motivates an action aiming at vengeance and retaliation, and it involves intense and hot feelings of hostility towards its object. I argue that rather than reducing the complex phenomenon of religious zeal to one of these two manifestations, we should reflect upon the question of how the two distinct conceptualizations relate to each other (and are interwoven with political interests).
宗教狂热是一种怎样的情感现象，它与其他情感现象，如道德愤怒、仇恨和爱，有何关联？在本文中，我认为宗教狂热既可以是一种类似爱的激情，也可以是一种类似愤怒的情感，并且可以同时兼具这两种特质。作为一种激情，宗教狂热由对超验宗教对象或理念（如上帝）的挚爱奉献构成。它是一种相对持久的依恋，构成了狂热者的本质，并且通过一系列独特的心理和行为倾向表现出来。最重要的是，它激发毫不妥协的行动，涉及强烈、炽热且深刻的情感。作为一种类似愤怒的情感，宗教狂热是一种当下的情感心理状态，有意指向一个特定的（内在的）对象，通常是一个人或一群人。它谴责对被认为具有绝对有效性和普遍适用性的宗教规范的违反。它激发旨在复仇和报复的行动，并且涉及对其对象的强烈且炽热的敌意。我认为，我们不应将宗教狂热这种复杂现象简化为这两种表现形式中的一种，而应思考这两种不同概念化如何相互关联（以及如何与政治利益交织在一起）。
