Miry Omid, Li Jie, Chen Lu
Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States.
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States.
Front Behav Neurosci. 2021 Jan 15;14:632019. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2020.632019. eCollection 2020.
More than a century after Richard Semon's theoretical proposal of the memory engram, technological advancements have finally enabled experimental access to engram cells and their functional contents. In this review, we summarize theories and their experimental support regarding hippocampal memory engram formation and function. Specifically, we discuss recent advances in the engram field which help to reconcile two main theories for how the hippocampus supports memory formation: The Memory Indexing and Cognitive Map theories. We also highlight the latest evidence for engram allocation mechanisms through which memories can be linked or separately encoded. Finally, we identify unanswered questions for future investigations, through which a more comprehensive understanding of memory formation and retrieval may be achieved.
在理查德·西蒙提出记忆印迹理论一个多世纪后，技术进步终于使人们能够通过实验接触到记忆印迹细胞及其功能内容。在这篇综述中，我们总结了关于海马体记忆印迹形成和功能的理论及其实验支持。具体来说，我们讨论了记忆印迹领域的最新进展，这些进展有助于调和关于海马体如何支持记忆形成的两种主要理论：记忆索引理论和认知地图理论。我们还强调了记忆印迹分配机制的最新证据，通过这些机制，记忆可以被联系起来或单独编码。最后，我们确定了未来研究中尚未解决的问题，通过这些问题，可能会对记忆的形成和检索有更全面的理解。
