Novak Miranda, Parr Nicholas J, Ferić Martina, Mihić Josipa, Kranželić Valentina
Laboratory for Prevention Research, Department for Behavioral Disorders, Faculty of Education and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States.
Front Psychol. 2021 Jan 15;11:611169. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.611169. eCollection 2020.
A framework for understanding the interrelationship of individual and environmental factors that influence adolescent health and well-being, as well as opportunities for policy-level interventions, is known as Positive Youth Development (PYD). The current study represents one of the largest studies of Croatian adolescents to date, and aimed to examine associations between school and family factors linked to PYD, and mental health outcomes experienced by Croatian youth.
A multi-site survey study was conducted among adolescents ( = 9,655) residing in the five most populous cities in Croatia, with the aim of examining cross-sectional associations of family and school factors with adolescent mental health. The mean age of participants was 16.3 years ( = 1.2), and 52.5% of participants were female. School and family factors included school attachment, school commitment, family communication, and family satisfaction. Depression, anxiety, and stress were assessed as outcomes. Multigroup structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to examine relations of interest among female and male adolescents.
Among school factors, increased school attachment was found to be significantly associated with reduced depression, anxiety, and stress for female adolescents, and with decreased depression and stress for male adolescents. Increased school commitment was significantly associated with decreased depression and anxiety for female adolescents; conversely, an increase in school commitment was associated with an increase in anxiety and stress for male adolescents. Increases in family communication were significantly associated with reduced depression, anxiety, and stress only for male adolescents, while increased family satisfaction was significantly associated with reduced depression, anxiety, and stress for female adolescents and with decreased depression and stress for male adolescents.
Findings suggest that interventions for mental health promotion and prevention of internalizing problems should address both school and family contexts, and may be more effective when accounting for differing developmental experiences of female and male adolescents.
积极青少年发展（PYD）是一个理解影响青少年健康和幸福的个人与环境因素之间相互关系以及政策层面干预机会的框架。本研究是迄今为止对克罗地亚青少年规模最大的研究之一，旨在探讨与积极青少年发展相关的学校和家庭因素与克罗地亚青少年心理健康结果之间的关联。
在克罗地亚人口最多的五个城市的青少年（n = 9655）中进行了一项多地点调查研究，目的是检验家庭和学校因素与青少年心理健康的横断面关联。参与者的平均年龄为16.3岁（标准差 = 1.2），52.5%的参与者为女性。学校和家庭因素包括学校依恋、学校投入、家庭沟通和家庭满意度。将抑郁、焦虑和压力作为结果进行评估。使用多组结构方程模型（SEM）来检验女性和男性青少年之间的相关关系。
在学校因素方面，发现学校依恋增强与女性青少年抑郁、焦虑和压力的降低显著相关，与男性青少年抑郁和压力的降低相关。学校投入增加与女性青少年抑郁和焦虑的降低显著相关；相反，学校投入增加与男性青少年焦虑和压力的增加相关。家庭沟通增加仅与男性青少年抑郁、焦虑和压力的降低显著相关，而家庭满意度提高与女性青少年抑郁、焦虑和压力的降低显著相关，与男性青少年抑郁和压力的降低相关。
研究结果表明，促进心理健康和预防内化问题的干预措施应兼顾学校和家庭环境，并且在考虑到女性和男性青少年不同的发展经历时可能会更有效。
