Arena Sara K, Jones Scott, Munoz Anthony M, Murley Meghan, Strudwick Melton Ciera, Sakyi Kwame, Hew-Butler Tamara
Physical Therapy, Oakland University, Rochester, USA.
Public and Environmental Wellness, Oakland University, Rochester, USA.
Cureus. 2020 Dec 28;12(12):e12340. doi: 10.7759/cureus.12340.
Introduction The purpose of this study was to describe and examine differences in resting blood pressure (BP) during an eight-week time frame in the course of the competitive season among collegiate swimmers of varied sexes. Methods A prospective observational study using a sample of convenience of National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division 1 female and male swimmers from one university were invited to participate. Blood pressure was measured using standardized methodology at six encounters spaced over eight weeks. Descriptive statistics analyzed demographics, mean BP, and BP classifications. A pairwise t-test analyzed differences in the mean BP and BP classification by sex. The Bonferroni correction was applied given the multiple variables included in the analysis with statistical significance determined to be p≤0.002. Results Thirty-eight swimmers (15 males and 23 females) met the inclusion criteria. Differences between sexes were identified with a higher mean diastolic BP observed in males at the third encounter (p=0.0004) and a higher mean systolic BP observed in males at the sixth encounter (p=0.0002). Four males and four females were identified with a BP classified as stage 1 or 2 hypertension at the first encounter; however, six males and no females met this criterion at the last encounter which was statistically significant (p=0.0004). Conclusions Increased BP from baseline measured for systole, diastole, and BP classifications was significant in male compared to female swimmers. Specifically, divergence in BP by sex first appeared in the diastolic measures at three weeks and in the systolic measures and BP classifications by eight weeks.
引言 本研究的目的是描述和检验在竞争赛季的八周时间内，不同性别的大学生游泳运动员静息血压（BP）的差异。方法 采用前瞻性观察研究，邀请了来自一所大学的美国国家大学生体育协会（NCAA）一级男女游泳运动员作为便利样本参与。在八周内分六次使用标准化方法测量血压。描述性统计分析了人口统计学、平均血压和血压分类。配对t检验分析了按性别划分的平均血压和血压分类的差异。鉴于分析中包含多个变量，应用了Bonferroni校正，确定统计学显著性为p≤0.002。结果 38名游泳运动员（15名男性和23名女性）符合纳入标准。在第三次测量时，男性的平均舒张压较高（p = 0.0004），在第六次测量时，男性的平均收缩压较高（p = 0.0002），由此确定了性别差异。在第一次测量时，有4名男性和4名女性的血压被分类为1期或2期高血压；然而，在最后一次测量时，有6名男性符合该标准，而女性无人符合，这具有统计学显著性（p = 0.0004）。结论 与女性游泳运动员相比，男性游泳运动员收缩压、舒张压和血压分类从基线测量开始的血压升高具有显著性。具体而言，性别之间的血压差异首先在三周时出现在舒张压测量中，在八周时出现在收缩压测量和血压分类中。
