Papait Andrea, Cargnoni Anna, Sheleg Michal, Silini Antonietta R, Kunis Gilad, Ofir Racheli, Parolini Ornella
Department of Life Science and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
Centro di Ricerca E. Menni, Fondazione Poliambulanza-Istituto Ospedaliero, Brescia, Italy.
Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2021 Jan 14;8:619980. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.619980. eCollection 2020.
The COVID-19 pandemic has become a priority in the health systems of all nations worldwide. In fact, there are currently no specific drugs or preventive treatments such as vaccines. The numerous therapies available today aim to counteract the symptoms caused by the viral infection that in some subjects can evolve causing acute respiratory distress syndromes (ARDS) with consequent admission to intensive care unit. The exacerbated response of the immune system, through cytokine storm, causes extensive damage to the lung tissue, with the formation of edema, fibrotic tissues and susceptibility to opportunistic infections. The inflammatory picture is also aggravated by disseminated intravascular coagulation which worsens the damage not only to the respiratory system, but also to other organs. In this context, perinatal cells represent a valid strategy thanks to their strong immunomodulatory potential, their safety profile, the ability to reduce fibrosis and stimulate reparative processes. Furthermore, perinatal cells exert antibacterial and antiviral actions. This review therefore provides an overview of the characteristics of perinatal cells with a particular focus on the beneficial effects that they could have in patients with COVID-19, and more specifically for their potential use in the treatment of ARDS and sepsis.
新型冠状病毒肺炎大流行已成为全球所有国家卫生系统的优先事项。事实上，目前尚无特定药物或预防性治疗方法，如疫苗。如今可用的众多疗法旨在对抗病毒感染引起的症状，在某些患者中，这些症状可能会发展为急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS），进而需要入住重症监护病房。免疫系统通过细胞因子风暴产生的过度反应会对肺组织造成广泛损伤，形成水肿、纤维化组织，并易引发机会性感染。弥散性血管内凝血也会加重炎症反应，不仅会使呼吸系统损伤恶化，还会对其他器官造成损害。在这种情况下，围产期细胞因其强大的免疫调节潜力、安全性、减少纤维化和刺激修复过程的能力，成为一种有效的策略。此外，围产期细胞还具有抗菌和抗病毒作用。因此，本综述概述了围产期细胞的特性，特别关注它们对新型冠状病毒肺炎患者可能产生的有益影响，更具体地说，是其在治疗急性呼吸窘迫综合征和脓毒症方面的潜在用途。
