Loveless Reid, Shay Chloe, Teng Yong
Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States.
Department of Pediatrics, Emory Children's Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.
Front Mol Biosci. 2021 Jan 14;7:611847. doi: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.611847. eCollection 2020.
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a rich and active arena that is strategically evolved overtime by tumors to promote their survival and dissemination. Over the years, attention has been focused to characterize and identify the tumor-supporting roles and subsequent targeting potentials of TME components. Nevertheless, recapitulating the human TME has proved inherently challenging, leaving much to be explored. In this regard, model systems like zebrafish, with its optical clarity, ease of genetic manipulation, and high engraftment, have proven to be indispensable for TME modeling and investigation. In this review, we discuss the recent ways by which zebrafish models have lent their utility to provide new insights into the various cellular and molecular mechanisms driving TME dynamics and tumor support. Specifically, we report on innate immune cell interactions, cytokine signaling, metastatic plasticity, and other processes within the metastatic cascade. In addition, we reflect on the arrival of adult zebrafish models and the potential of patient-derived xenografts.
肿瘤微环境（TME）是一个丰富且活跃的领域，肿瘤会随着时间的推移进行策略性演变以促进自身的存活和扩散。多年来，人们一直致力于表征和识别TME成分的肿瘤支持作用以及后续的靶向潜力。然而，重现人类TME已被证明具有内在的挑战性，仍有许多有待探索的地方。在这方面，像斑马鱼这样具有光学透明性、易于基因操作和高移植率的模型系统，已被证明对于TME建模和研究不可或缺。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了斑马鱼模型最近如何发挥其作用，为驱动TME动态变化和肿瘤支持的各种细胞和分子机制提供新的见解。具体而言，我们报告了先天免疫细胞相互作用、细胞因子信号传导、转移可塑性以及转移级联中的其他过程。此外，我们还思考了成年斑马鱼模型的出现以及患者来源异种移植的潜力。
