University of Göttingen, Agroecology, Göttingen, Germany.
Julius Kühn-Institute (JKI) - Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Bee Protection, Berlin, Germany.
Ecol Lett. 2021 Apr;24(4):668-675. doi: 10.1111/ele.13683. Epub 2021 Feb 1.
Pollinator declines in agricultural landscapes are driven by multiple stressors, but potential interactions of these remain poorly studied. Using a highly replicated semi-field study with 56 mesocosms of varying wild plant diversity (2-16 species) and oilseed rape treated with a neonicotinoid, we tested the interacting effects of resource diversity and insecticides on reproduction of a solitary wild bee. Compared to mesocosms with oilseed rape monocultures, availability of resources from wild plants complementing oilseed rape doubled brood cell production. In addition, bee reproduction increased due to plant diversity and identity effects. Exposure to neonicotinoid-treated oilseed rape reduced bee larval to adult development by 69%, but only in mesocosms with oilseed rape monocultures. Availability of complementary flower resources can thus offset negative effects of neonicotinoid-treated oilseed rape on wild bee reproduction. Policy should encourage the implementation of diverse floral resources mitigating negative effects of crop monocultures and insecticides, thereby sustaining solitary bee populations in agricultural landscapes.
在农业景观中，传粉媒介的减少是由多种胁迫因素驱动的，但这些因素的潜在相互作用仍研究不足。本研究采用高度复制的半田间试验，用 56 个中观生物群落（2-16 种）和经过新烟碱类杀虫剂处理的油菜进行试验，测试了资源多样性和杀虫剂对独居野生蜜蜂繁殖的相互作用影响。与油菜单一栽培的中观生物群落相比，油菜补充野生植物的资源可用性将巢室产增加了一倍。此外，植物多样性和身份效应对蜜蜂繁殖有促进作用。接触新烟碱类杀虫剂处理的油菜会使蜜蜂幼虫到成虫的发育减少 69%，但仅在油菜单一栽培的中观生物群落中发生。因此，补充花卉资源的可用性可以抵消新烟碱类杀虫剂处理的油菜对野生蜜蜂繁殖的负面影响。政策应鼓励实施多样化的花卉资源，以减轻作物单一栽培和杀虫剂的负面影响，从而维持农业景观中独居蜜蜂的种群。
