Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El Sheikh 33516, Egypt.
Biomolecules. 2021 Jan 28;11(2):176. doi: 10.3390/biom11020176.
Propolis, a product of the honey bee, has been used in traditional medicine for many years. A hydrophobic bioactive polyphenolic ester, caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), is one of the most extensively investigated active components of propolis. Several studies have indicated that CAPE has a broad spectrum of pharmacological activities as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, anti-fungal, anti-proliferative, and anti-neoplastic properties. This review largely describes CAPE neuroprotective effects in many different conditions and summarizes its molecular mechanisms of action. CAPE was found to have a neuroprotective effect on different neurodegenerative disorders. At the basis of these effects, CAPE has the ability to protect neurons from several underlying causes of various human neurologic diseases, such as oxidative stress, apoptosis dysregulation, and brain inflammation. CAPE can also protect the nervous system from some diseases which negatively affect it, such as diabetes, septic shock, and hepatic encephalopathy, while numerous studies have demonstrated the neuroprotective effects of CAPE against adverse reactions induced by different neurotoxic substances. The potential role of CAPE in protecting the central nervous system (CNS) from secondary injury following various CNS ischemic conditions and CAPE anti-cancer activity in CNS is also reviewed. The structure-activity relationship of CAPE synthetic derivatives is discussed as well.
蜂胶是蜜蜂的产物，在传统医学中已经使用了多年。咖啡酸苯乙酯（CAPE）是一种疏水性生物活性多酚酯，是蜂胶中研究最广泛的活性成分之一。多项研究表明，CAPE 具有广泛的药理活性，如抗氧化、抗炎、抗病毒、抗真菌、抗增殖和抗肿瘤特性。本文主要描述了 CAPE 在多种不同情况下的神经保护作用，并总结了其作用机制。CAPE 被发现对许多不同的神经退行性疾病具有神经保护作用。基于这些作用，CAPE 能够保护神经元免受多种人类神经疾病的潜在原因的影响，如氧化应激、细胞凋亡失调和脑炎症。CAPE 还可以保护神经系统免受一些对其产生负面影响的疾病的影响，如糖尿病、败血症性休克和肝性脑病，而许多研究已经证明了 CAPE 对不同神经毒性物质引起的不良反应的神经保护作用。本文还综述了 CAPE 在各种中枢神经系统（CNS）缺血性疾病后对中枢神经系统（CNS）继发性损伤的保护作用以及 CAPE 在 CNS 中的抗癌活性。还讨论了 CAPE 合成衍生物的构效关系。
