Kifle Desalegn Woldeyohannes, Sotillo Javier, Pearson Mark S, Loukas Alex
Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4878, Australia.
Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, PO Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Emerg Top Life Sci. 2017 Dec 22;1(6):659-665. doi: 10.1042/ETLS20170095.
There is a rapidly growing body of evidence that production of extracellular vesicles (EVs) is a universal feature of cellular life. More recently, EVs have been identified in a broad range of both unicellular and multicellular parasites where they play roles in parasite-parasite intercommunication as well as parasite-host interactions. Parasitic helminth-derived EVs traverse host target cell membranes whereupon they offload their molecular cargo - proteins, lipids, and genetic information such as mRNAs and miRNAs - which are thought to hijack the target cell and modulate its gene expression to promote parasite survival. As such, EVs represent a novel mechanism of intercellular communication that could be targeted for vaccine-mediated interruption, given the abundance of surface antigens expressed on helminth EVs, and the ability of antibodies to block their uptake by target cells. In this Perspective article, we review recent developments in the field of helminth-derived EVs and highlight their roles in helminth vaccine discovery and development.
越来越多的证据表明，细胞外囊泡（EVs）的产生是细胞生命的一个普遍特征。最近，在广泛的单细胞和多细胞寄生虫中都发现了EVs，它们在寄生虫与寄生虫之间的相互交流以及寄生虫与宿主的相互作用中发挥作用。寄生蠕虫来源的EVs穿过宿主靶细胞膜，然后卸载其分子货物——蛋白质、脂质以及诸如mRNA和miRNA等遗传信息，这些被认为会劫持靶细胞并调节其基因表达以促进寄生虫存活。因此，鉴于蠕虫EVs上表达的大量表面抗原以及抗体阻断其被靶细胞摄取的能力，EVs代表了一种细胞间通讯的新机制，可作为疫苗介导干扰的靶点。在这篇观点文章中，我们综述了蠕虫来源的EVs领域的最新进展，并强调了它们在蠕虫疫苗发现和开发中的作用。
