National University of Singapore.
University of Southern California.
Child Dev. 2021 Mar;92(2):502-516. doi: 10.1111/cdev.13542. Epub 2021 Feb 2.
This meta-analysis synthesizes the empirical data on problem behaviors among foreign- (G1) and U.S-born (G2+) youth and explores the effects of immigrant status on youth internalizing and externalizing problems. A random effects meta-regression with robust variance estimates summarized effect sizes for internalizing and externalizing problems across 91 studies (N = 179,315, M = 13.98). Results indicated that G1 youth reported significantly more internalizing problems (g = .06), and fewer externalizing problems than G2+ youth (g = -.06). Gender and sample type moderated the effects. The findings provide a first-step toward reconciling mixed support for the immigrant paradox by identifying for whom and under what conditions the immigrant experience serves as a risk or protective factor for youth.
本荟萃分析综合了有关外国出生（G1）和美国出生（G2+）青年问题行为的实证数据，并探讨了移民身份对青年内化和外化问题的影响。一项随机效应元回归分析采用稳健方差估计方法，总结了 91 项研究（N=179315，M=13.98）中内化和外化问题的效应大小。结果表明，G1 青年报告的内化问题明显更多（g=0.06），而外化问题则明显少于 G2+青年（g=-0.06）。性别和样本类型调节了这些影响。这些发现为调和移民悖论的混合支持提供了一个初步步骤，确定了对于哪些人和在什么条件下，移民经历成为青年的风险或保护因素。
