Stevens Gonneke W J M, Vollebergh Wilma A M, Pels Trees V M, Crijnen Alfons A M
Dept. of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus MC/Sophia, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2005 Jul;40(7):571-9. doi: 10.1007/s00127-005-0926-x. Epub 2005 Jul 15.
Although an increasing proportion of the population in Western countries originates from non-Western parts of the world, little research has been conducted on predictors of externalizing problems in immigrant adolescent samples. This study on the predictors of externalizing problems in Moroccan immigrant adolescents in the Netherlands was aimed to contribute to the knowledge in this field.
We obtained 415 parent-reports, 376 self-reports and 238 teacher-reports on problem behavior in a general population sample of randomly selected 11- to 18-year-old Moroccan immigrant adolescents, using the Child Behavior Checklist, Youth Self-Report and Teacher's Report Form.
The data revealed a clear relation between externalizing problems and several child (gender, internalizing problems), proximal family (parental monitoring and affection, support from father and mother, and parent-child conflict), contextual family (conflicts between parents about parenting, destructive communication between parents, and total number of life-events), school/peer (problems at school, involvement with deviant peers, hanging out), and migration variables (adolescent's perceived discrimination). Hardly any association was observed between externalizing problems and parental psychopathology, and between externalizing problems and global family variables (e.g., family employment level). Most findings matched results found in earlier studies on non-immigrant youth.
Our results suggest that the child, school/peer, and proximal family factors are essential in models predicting the development of externalizing behavior. The impact of the migration factor on externalizing problems turned out to be relatively small.
尽管西方国家中越来越多的人口来自世界非西方地区，但针对移民青少年样本中外显问题的预测因素的研究却很少。这项关于荷兰摩洛哥移民青少年外显问题预测因素的研究旨在为该领域的知识做出贡献。
我们使用儿童行为清单、青少年自我报告和教师报告表，对随机抽取的11至18岁摩洛哥移民青少年的总体样本中的问题行为获取了415份家长报告、376份自我报告和238份教师报告。
数据揭示了外显问题与几个儿童因素（性别、内化问题）、近端家庭因素（父母监督和关爱、来自父亲和母亲的支持以及亲子冲突）、背景家庭因素（父母在育儿方面的冲突、父母之间的破坏性沟通以及生活事件总数）、学校/同伴因素（学校问题、与不良同伴的交往、闲逛）以及移民变量（青少年感知到的歧视）之间存在明显关联。在外显问题与父母精神病理学之间，以及外显问题与整体家庭变量（如家庭就业水平）之间几乎未观察到任何关联。大多数研究结果与早期针对非移民青少年的研究结果相符。
我们的结果表明，儿童、学校/同伴和近端家庭因素在预测外显行为发展的模型中至关重要。结果表明，移民因素对外显问题的影响相对较小。
