Institute of Preventive Medicine, Environmental and Occupational Health, Prolepsis, Athens, Greece.
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece.
Eur J Public Health. 2021 Feb 1;31(1):143-150. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa178.
To explore the effect of household food insecurity on dietary patterns of children and adolescents participating in a school food-aid programme in regions of Greece with low socioeconomic status.
A cross-sectional study was conducted during the school year 2013-14, among 406 schools in low socioeconomic status regions of Greece. Dietary habits and sociodemographic characteristics of students and their families were recorded. Factor analysis was used in order to derive children's and adolescents' dietary patterns and analysis of covariance was performed to examine the effect of households' food insecurity level on those patterns. A total of 31 399 students participated in the study; 16 652 children (5-11 years) and 14 747 adolescents (12-18 years).
Factor analysis identified five dietary patterns in both age groups, explaining the 49.1% (children) and 53.0% (adolescents) of the total variation in intake. After adjusting for various factors, the household's food insecurity was significantly associated with the majority of the derived patterns in both age groups, with most pronounced differences being observed for the consumption of red meat, poultry and fish, fruits, as well as red processed meat, cereals and dairy products, which was lower among children and adolescents with food insecurity. Children with food insecurity consumed significantly more unhealthy food, such as chips, fast food, sugared drinks, sweets, French fries and mayonnaise sauce.
Promotion of healthy eating to households facing food insecurity is of crucial importance, giving emphasis in the design of low cost, yet highly nutritious programmes.
本研究旨在探讨希腊社会经济地位较低地区参与学校供餐计划的儿童和青少年的家庭食物不安全状况对其饮食模式的影响。
在 2013-14 学年，对希腊社会经济地位较低地区的 406 所学校的学生及其家庭的饮食习惯和社会人口学特征进行了横断面研究。采用因子分析法推导出儿童和青少年的饮食模式，并采用协方差分析来检验家庭食物不安全水平对这些模式的影响。共有 31399 名学生参与了这项研究，其中包括 16652 名 5-11 岁的儿童和 14747 名 12-18 岁的青少年。
因子分析在两个年龄组中均识别出五种饮食模式，分别解释了总摄入量的 49.1%（儿童）和 53.0%（青少年）。在校正了各种因素后，家庭食物不安全状况与两个年龄组中大多数推导的模式显著相关，在儿童和青少年中，摄入的红肉类、禽类和鱼类、水果以及红加工肉类、谷物和乳制品的差异最为明显，这些食物的摄入量在食物不安全的儿童和青少年中较低。食物不安全的儿童摄入的不健康食物明显更多，如薯片、快餐、含糖饮料、糖果、薯条和蛋黄酱。
向面临食物不安全的家庭推广健康饮食至关重要，在设计低成本但营养丰富的计划时应予以重视。
