Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy, MS S103-2, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA.
Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy, MS S103-2, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA.
Chemosphere. 2021 Jul;274:129427. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129427. Epub 2021 Jan 12.
Organophosphorus pesticides are the most used pesticides in the United States. Most organophosphorus pesticides are composed of a phosphate (or phosphorothioate or phosphorodithioate) moiety and a variable organic group. Organophosphorus pesticides are scrutinized by regulatory bodies and agencies because of their toxicity or suspected carcinogenicity. Upon exposure, organophosphorus pesticides and their metabolites eliminate in urine; these urinary biomarkers are useful to evaluate human exposure. We developed a method using stable isotope dilution, ion chromatography tandem mass spectrometry for quantification in urine of 6 O,O-dialkylphosphates, metabolites of organophosphorus insecticides, and glyphosate, the most used herbicide in the United States. With simple and minimal sample preparation, the analytical method is selective and sensitive (limits of detection are 0.2-0.8 μg/L), accurate (>85%) and precise (relative standard deviation <20%), depending on the analyte. To assess the suitability of the method in real exposure scenarios, we analyzed samples collected anonymously from subjects with suspected exposure to pesticides (n = 40) or who had been on an organic diet (n = 50). We detected glyphosate in 80% of subjects reporting an organic diet and in 78% of those with suspected glyphosate exposure; concentrations ranged from <0.2 to 28.6 μg/L. Median concentrations were 0.39 μg/L for the organic diet group and 0.40 μg/L for individuals with suspected exposure. Interestingly, interquartile ranges were considerably higher among those reporting pesticide exposure (0.63 μg/L) than those consuming organic diets (0.42 μg/L). These data suggest that the method meets typical validation benchmark values and is sensitive to investigate background exposures in the general population.
有机磷农药是美国使用最广泛的农药。大多数有机磷农药由磷酸（或硫代磷酸酯或二硫代磷酸酯）部分和可变的有机基团组成。由于其毒性或疑似致癌性，监管机构和机构对有机磷农药进行了审查。接触有机磷农药后，其代谢物会从尿液中排出；这些尿液生物标志物可用于评估人体接触情况。我们开发了一种使用稳定同位素稀释、离子色谱-串联质谱法的方法，用于定量检测尿液中的 6 种 O,O-二烷基磷酸酯，这是有机磷杀虫剂的代谢物，以及草甘膦，这是美国使用最广泛的除草剂。该分析方法具有简单和最小的样品制备，选择性和灵敏度高（检测限为 0.2-0.8μg/L），准确度高（>85%），精密度高（相对标准偏差<20%），取决于分析物。为了评估该方法在实际暴露情况下的适用性，我们分析了匿名采集的疑似接触农药（n=40）或有机饮食（n=50）受试者的样本。我们在 80%报告有机饮食的受试者和 78%疑似接触草甘膦的受试者中检测到草甘膦；浓度范围为<0.2 至 28.6μg/L。有机饮食组的中位数浓度为 0.39μg/L，疑似接触组为 0.40μg/L。有趣的是，报告接触农药的个体（0.63μg/L）的四分位间距明显高于食用有机饮食的个体（0.42μg/L）。这些数据表明，该方法符合典型的验证基准值，并且能够敏感地调查普通人群中的背景暴露情况。
