Hughes Sheryl O, Power Thomas G, O'Connor Teresia M, Orlet Fisher Jennifer
USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates Ave, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Washington State University, 501A Johnson Tower, P.O. Box 644852, Pullman, WA 99164-4852, USA.
Appetite. 2015 Jun;89:1-9. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2015.01.009. Epub 2015 Jan 14.
The purpose of the present study was to examine relationships between child eating self-regulation, child non-eating self-regulation, and child BMIz in a low-income sample of Hispanic families with preschoolers. The eating in the absence of hunger task as well as parent-report of child satiety responsiveness and food responsiveness were used to assess child eating self-regulation. Two laboratory tasks assessing executive functioning, a parent questionnaire assessing child effortful control (a temperament dimension related to executive functioning), and the delay of gratification and gift delay tasks assessing child emotion regulation were used to assess child non-eating self-regulation. Bivariate correlations were run among all variables in the study. Hierarchical linear regression analyses assessed: (1) child eating self-regulation associations with the demographic, executive functioning, effortful control, and emotion regulation measures; and (2) child BMI z-score associations with executive functioning, effortful control, emotion regulation measures, and eating self-regulation measures. Within child eating self-regulation, only the two parent-report measures were related. Low to moderate positive correlations were found between measures of executive functioning, effortful control, and emotion regulation. Only three relationships were found between child eating self-regulation and other forms of child self-regulation: eating in the absence of hunger was positively associated with delay of gratification, and poor regulation on the gift delay task was associated positively with maternal reports of food responsiveness and negatively with parent-reports of satiety responsiveness. Regression analyses showed that child eating self-regulation was associated with child BMIz but other forms of child self-regulation were not. Implications for understanding the role of self-regulation in the development of child obesity are discussed.
本研究的目的是在一个有学龄前儿童的低收入西班牙裔家庭样本中，考察儿童饮食自我调节、儿童非饮食自我调节与儿童BMIz之间的关系。通过无饥饿进食任务以及父母对儿童饱腹感反应和食物反应性的报告来评估儿童饮食自我调节。使用两项评估执行功能的实验室任务、一份评估儿童努力控制（一种与执行功能相关的气质维度）的父母问卷，以及评估儿童情绪调节的延迟满足和礼物延迟任务来评估儿童非饮食自我调节。对研究中的所有变量进行了双变量相关性分析。分层线性回归分析评估了：（1）儿童饮食自我调节与人口统计学、执行功能、努力控制和情绪调节测量指标之间的关联；（2）儿童BMI z评分与执行功能、努力控制、情绪调节测量指标和饮食自我调节测量指标之间的关联。在儿童饮食自我调节方面，只有两项父母报告的测量指标相关。在执行功能、努力控制和情绪调节的测量指标之间发现了低到中等程度的正相关。在儿童饮食自我调节与其他形式的儿童自我调节之间仅发现了三种关系：无饥饿进食与延迟满足呈正相关，礼物延迟任务上的调节不良与母亲报告的食物反应性呈正相关，与父母报告的饱腹感反应呈负相关。回归分析表明，儿童饮食自我调节与儿童BMIz相关，但其他形式的儿童自我调节则不然。文中讨论了理解自我调节在儿童肥胖发展中的作用的意义。
