School of Physical Education, Yan'an University, Yan'an, China.
School of Physical Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
J Food Biochem. 2021 Apr;45(4):e13620. doi: 10.1111/jfbc.13620. Epub 2021 Feb 3.
In this research, mice were gavaged with different doses of lemon seed flavonoids (LSF) for 4 weeks, and vitamin C was used as a positive control to investigate its effects on anti-fatigue and antioxidant capacity in exhaustively exercised mice. The results obtained from the study indicated that both vitamin C and LSF could significantly increase the running exhaustion time of mice, and the exhaustion time of mice was prolonged with increasing LSF concentration. LSF can increase hepatic glycogen and the free fatty acid content and reduce the lactate and urea nitrogen contents in a dose-dependent manner in mice. Serum CK, AST, and ALT levels in mice decreased gradually with increasing LSF concentration. LSF increased SOD and CAT levels and decreased MDA levels in mice in a dose-dependent manner. LSF could also enhance nNOS, eNOS, and ASCT1 mRNA expression and decrease syncytin-1, iNOS and TNF-α expression in the skeletal muscle of mice. By HPLC analysis, LSF was found to contain epigallocatechin, caffeic acid, epicatechin, vitexin, quercetin, and hesperidin, which are common flavonoids of this species. Thus, it was observed that LSF has good anti-fatigue and antioxidant capacities, and its anti-fatigue effect is related to improving the hepatic glycogen reserve capacity, increasing fat mobilization, and reducing lactate accumulation and protein decomposition. The antioxidant capacity of LSF is related to scavenging free radicals and reducing lipid peroxidation, and its antioxidant effect comes from its five antioxidant flavonoids. In conclusion, LSF has high development and application prospects in nutritional supplements. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Lemon seed is the waste of lemon processing, which contains abundant flavonoids. The flavonoids in lemon seed can be used to exert its antioxidant effect and recover from exhausted exercise. Therefore, it can be concluded that lemon seed flavonoids are functional components that can be used as exercise recovery substances.
在这项研究中，给小鼠灌胃不同剂量的柠檬籽黄酮（LSF）4 周，并用维生素 C 作为阳性对照，研究其对力竭运动小鼠抗疲劳和抗氧化能力的影响。研究结果表明，维生素 C 和 LSF 均可显著延长力竭运动小鼠的奔跑时间，且随着 LSF 浓度的增加，小鼠的衰竭时间延长。LSF 可使小鼠肝糖原和游离脂肪酸含量增加，乳酸和尿素氮含量降低，呈剂量依赖性。随着 LSF 浓度的增加，小鼠血清 CK、AST 和 ALT 水平逐渐降低。LSF 可使小鼠 SOD 和 CAT 水平升高，MDA 水平降低，呈剂量依赖性。LSF 还可增强小鼠骨骼肌中 nNOS、eNOS 和 ASCT1 mRNA 的表达，降低 syncytin-1、iNOS 和 TNF-α的表达。通过 HPLC 分析发现，LSF 含有表没食子儿茶素、咖啡酸、表儿茶素、牡荆素、槲皮素和橙皮苷，这些都是该种属常见的类黄酮。因此，观察到 LSF 具有良好的抗疲劳和抗氧化能力，其抗疲劳作用与提高肝糖原储备能力、增加脂肪动员、减少乳酸积累和蛋白质分解有关。LSF 的抗氧化能力与清除自由基和减少脂质过氧化有关，其抗氧化作用来自于其五种抗氧化类黄酮。总之，LSF 在营养补充剂方面具有很高的开发和应用前景。实际应用：柠檬籽是柠檬加工的废物，含有丰富的类黄酮。柠檬籽中的类黄酮可以发挥其抗氧化作用，从疲劳运动中恢复。因此，可以得出结论，柠檬籽黄酮是一种可以作为运动恢复物质的功能性成分。
