Silk Natalie, Reich Jeremy, Sinha Rahul, Chawla Shivansh, Geary Kyla, Zhang Dianzheng
Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19131, USA.
J Xenobiot. 2021 Feb 1;11(1):16-32. doi: 10.3390/jox11010002.
Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers diagnosed in men in the United States and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Since over 60% of prostate cancer cases occur in men over 65 years of age, and this population will increase steadily in the coming years, prostate cancer will be a major cancer-related burden in the foreseeable future. Accumulating data from more recent research suggest that the tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a previously unrecognized role in every stage of cancer development, including initiation, proliferation, and metastasis. Prostate cancer is not only diagnosed in the late stages of life, but also progresses relatively slowly. This makes prostate cancer an ideal model system for exploring the potential of natural products as cancer prevention and/or treatment reagents because they usually act relatively slowly compared to most synthetic drugs. Resveratrol (RSV) is a naturally occurring stilbenoid and possesses strong anti-cancer properties with few adverse effects. Accumulating data from both in vitro and in vivo experiments indicate that RSV can interfere with prostate cancer initiation and progression by targeting the TME. Therefore, this review is aimed to summarize the recent advancement in RSV-inhibited prostate cancer initiation, proliferation, and metastasis as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms, with particular emphasis on the effect of RSV on TME. This will not only better our understanding of prostate cancer TMEs, but also pave the way for the development of RSV as a potential reagent for prostate cancer prevention and/or therapy.
前列腺癌是美国男性中最常见的癌症之一，也是全球癌症相关死亡的第二大主要原因。由于超过60%的前列腺癌病例发生在65岁以上的男性中，而且这一人群在未来几年将稳步增加，在可预见的未来，前列腺癌将成为与癌症相关的主要负担。来自最新研究的越来越多的数据表明，肿瘤微环境（TME）在癌症发展的每个阶段，包括起始、增殖和转移中都发挥着以前未被认识到的作用。前列腺癌不仅在生命后期被诊断出来，而且进展相对缓慢。这使得前列腺癌成为探索天然产物作为癌症预防和/或治疗试剂潜力的理想模型系统，因为与大多数合成药物相比，它们通常作用相对缓慢。白藜芦醇（RSV）是一种天然存在的芪类化合物，具有很强的抗癌特性且副作用很少。来自体外和体内实验的越来越多的数据表明，RSV可以通过靶向TME来干扰前列腺癌的起始和进展。因此，本综述旨在总结RSV抑制前列腺癌起始、增殖和转移的最新进展以及潜在的分子机制，特别强调RSV对TME的影响。这不仅将加深我们对前列腺癌TME的理解，也将为开发RSV作为前列腺癌预防和/或治疗的潜在试剂铺平道路。
