College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
Institute for Agro-Food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China.
Toxins (Basel). 2021 Feb 1;13(2):103. doi: 10.3390/toxins13020103.
The extensive exposure to multiple mycotoxins has been demonstrated in many countries; however, realistic assessments of the risks related to cumulative exposure are limited. This biomonitoring study was conducted to investigate exposure to 23 mycotoxins/metabolites and their determinants in 227 adults (aged 20-88 years) in the Yangtze River Delta, China. Eight mycotoxins were detected in 110 urine samples, and multiple mycotoxins co-occurred in 51/227 (22.47%) of urine samples, with deoxynivalenol (DON), fumonisin B1 (FB1), and zearalenone (ZEN) being the most frequently occurring. For single mycotoxin risk assessment, FB1, ZEN, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), and ochratoxin A (OTA) all showed potential adverse effects. However, for the 12 samples containing DON and ZEN, in which none had a hazard risk, the combination of both mycotoxins in two samples was considered to pose potential endocrine disrupting risks to humans by hazard index (HI) method. The combined margin of exposure (MOE) for AFB1 and FB1 could constitute a potential health concern, and AFB1 was the main contributor. Our approach provides a blueprint for evaluating the cumulative risks related to different types of mycotoxins and opens a new horizon for the accurate interpretation of epidemiological health outcomes related to multi-mycotoxin exposure.
在中国长江三角洲地区，对 227 名年龄在 20-88 岁之间的成年人进行了这项生物监测研究，以调查接触 23 种霉菌毒素/代谢物及其决定因素的情况。在 110 份尿液样本中检测到 8 种霉菌毒素，51/227（22.47%）份尿液样本中同时存在多种霉菌毒素，其中脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON）、伏马菌素 B1（FB1）和玉米赤霉烯酮（ZEN）最为常见。对于单一霉菌毒素风险评估，FB1、ZEN、黄曲霉毒素 B1（AFB1）和赭曲霉毒素 A（OTA）都显示出潜在的不良影响。然而，对于含有 DON 和 ZEN 的 12 个样本，其中没有一个样本具有危害风险，通过危害指数（HI）方法，两种霉菌毒素的组合被认为对人类具有潜在的内分泌干扰风险。AFB1 和 FB1 的联合暴露边际（MOE）可能构成潜在的健康问题，而 AFB1 是主要贡献者。我们的方法为评估不同类型霉菌毒素的累积风险提供了蓝图，并为准确解释与多霉菌毒素暴露相关的流行病学健康结果开辟了新的视野。
