Vandana Udaya Kumar, Rajkumari Jina, Singha L Paikhomba, Satish Lakkakula, Alavilli Hemasundar, Sudheer Pamidimarri D V N, Chauhan Sushma, Ratnala Rambabu, Satturu Vanisri, Mazumder Pranab Behari, Pandey Piyush
Department of Biotechnology, Assam University Silchar, Assam 788011, India.
Department of Microbiology, Assam University Silchar, Assam 788011, India.
Biology (Basel). 2021 Feb 1;10(2):101. doi: 10.3390/biology10020101.
The plant root is the primary site of interaction between plants and associated microorganisms and constitutes the main components of plant microbiomes that impact crop production. The endophytic bacteria in the root zone have an important role in plant growth promotion. Diverse microbial communities inhabit plant root tissues, and they directly or indirectly promote plant growth by inhibiting the growth of plant pathogens, producing various secondary metabolites. Mechanisms of plant growth promotion and response of root endophytic microorganisms for their survival and colonization in the host plants are the result of complex plant-microbe interactions. Endophytic microorganisms also assist the host to sustain different biotic and abiotic stresses. Better insights are emerging for the endophyte, such as host plant interactions due to advancements in 'omic' technologies, which facilitate the exploration of genes that are responsible for plant tissue colonization. Consequently, this is informative to envisage putative functions and metabolic processes crucial for endophytic adaptations. Detection of cell signaling molecules between host plants and identification of compounds synthesized by root endophytes are effective means for their utilization in the agriculture sector as biofertilizers. In addition, it is interesting that the endophytic microorganism colonization impacts the relative abundance of indigenous microbial communities and suppresses the deleterious microorganisms in plant tissues. Natural products released by endophytes act as biocontrol agents and inhibit pathogen growth. The symbiosis of endophytic bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) affects plant symbiotic signaling pathways and root colonization patterns and phytohormone synthesis. In this review, the potential of the root endophytic community, colonization, and role in the improvement of plant growth has been explained in the light of intricate plant-microbe interactions.
植物根系是植物与相关微生物相互作用的主要部位，构成了影响作物产量的植物微生物群落的主要组成部分。根际内生细菌在促进植物生长方面发挥着重要作用。多种微生物群落栖息于植物根系组织中，它们通过抑制植物病原体的生长、产生各种次生代谢产物直接或间接地促进植物生长。植物生长促进机制以及根内生微生物在宿主植物中生存和定殖的响应是复杂的植物 - 微生物相互作用的结果。内生微生物还协助宿主抵御不同的生物和非生物胁迫。随着“组学”技术的进步，对于内生菌，比如宿主植物相互作用，有了更深入的认识，这有助于探索负责植物组织定殖的基因。因此，这对于设想内生适应至关重要的假定功能和代谢过程具有参考价值。检测宿主植物之间的细胞信号分子以及鉴定根内生菌合成的化合物是将它们作为生物肥料应用于农业领域的有效手段。此外，有趣的是内生微生物定殖会影响本土微生物群落的相对丰度，并抑制植物组织中的有害微生物。内生菌释放的天然产物可作为生物防治剂抑制病原体生长。内生细菌与丛枝菌根真菌（AMF）的共生关系会影响植物共生信号通路、根系定殖模式和植物激素合成。在这篇综述中，根据复杂的植物 - 微生物相互作用，阐述了根内生菌群落的潜力、定殖及其在促进植物生长方面的作用。
