Ghana Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme, Department of Epidemiology and Disease Control, University of Ghana School of Public Health, Legon, Accra, Ghana.
Tamale Teaching Hospital, Tamale, Ghana.
Ghana Med J. 2020 Jun;54(2 Suppl):45-52. doi: 10.4314/gmj.v54i2s.8.
On 24th October 2016, the Central Regional Health Directorate received report of a suspected cholera outbreak in the Cape Coast Metropolis (CCM). We investigated to confirm the diagnosis, identify risk factors and implement control measures.
We used a descriptive study followed by 1:2 unmatched case-control study.
We reviewed medical records, conducted active case search and contact tracing, interviewed case-patients and their contacts and conducted environmental assessment. Case-patients' stool samples were tested with point of care test kits (SD Bioline Cholera Ag 01/0139) and sent to the Cape Coast Teaching Hospital Laboratory for confirmation.
Cause of outbreak, risk factors associated with spread of outbreak.
serotype Ogawa caused the outbreak. There was no mortality. Of 704 case-patients, 371(52.7%) were males and 55(7.8%) were aged under-five years. The median age was 23 years (interquartile range: 16-32 years). About a third 248(35.2%) of the case patients were aged 15-24 years. The University of Cape Coast subdistrict was the epicenter with 341(48.44%) cases. Compared to controls, cholera case-patients were more likely to have visited Cholera Treatment Centers (CTC) (aOR=12.1, 95%CI: 1.5-101.3), drank pipe-borne water (aOR=11.7, 95%CI: 3.3-41.8), or drank street-vended sachet water (aOR=11.0, 95%CI: 3.7-32.9). Open defecation and broken sewage pipes were observed in the epicenter.
serotype Ogawa caused the CCM cholera outbreak mostly affecting the youth. Visiting CTC was a major risk factor. Prompt case-management, contact tracing, health education, restricting access to CTC and implementing water sanitation and hygiene activities helped in the control.
This work was supported by Ghana Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program (GFELTP), University of Ghana.
2016 年 10 月 24 日，中部地区卫生局收到关于在开普海岸都会区（CCM）爆发疑似霍乱的报告。我们进行了调查以确认诊断、确定危险因素并实施控制措施。
我们使用描述性研究，随后进行了 1:2 不匹配的病例对照研究。
我们查阅了病历，进行了主动病例搜索和接触者追踪，采访了病例患者及其接触者，并进行了环境评估。病例患者的粪便样本使用即时检测试剂盒（SD Bioline Cholera Ag 01/0139）进行了检测，并送往开普海岸教学医院实验室进行确认。
爆发的原因，与爆发传播相关的危险因素。
血清型 Ogawa 引起了此次爆发。没有死亡病例。在 704 例病例患者中，男性 371 例（52.7%），年龄在 5 岁以下的 55 例（7.8%）。中位数年龄为 23 岁（四分位间距：16-32 岁）。约三分之一的病例患者 248 例（35.2%）年龄在 15-24 岁之间。开普海岸大学分区是疫情中心，有 341 例（48.44%）病例。与对照组相比，霍乱病例患者更有可能去过霍乱治疗中心（CTC）（aOR=12.1，95%CI：1.5-101.3），饮用管道供水（aOR=11.7，95%CI：3.3-41.8），或饮用街头出售的袋装水（aOR=11.0，95%CI：3.7-32.9）。在疫情中心观察到露天排便和污水管破裂。
血清型 Ogawa 引起了 CCM 霍乱爆发，主要影响年轻人。前往 CTC 是一个主要的危险因素。及时的病例管理、接触者追踪、健康教育、限制进入 CTC 以及实施水卫生和环境卫生活动有助于控制疫情。
这项工作得到了加纳现场流行病学和实验室培训计划（GFELTP）和加纳大学的支持。
