Bordeleau Maude, Fernández de Cossío Lourdes, Chakravarty M Mallar, Tremblay Marie-Ève
Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.
Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
Front Cell Neurosci. 2021 Jan 15;14:612705. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2020.612705. eCollection 2020.
Providing the appropriate quantity and quality of food needed for both the mother's well-being and the healthy development of the offspring is crucial during pregnancy. However, the macro- and micronutrient intake also impacts the body's regulatory supersystems of the mother, such as the immune, endocrine, and nervous systems, which ultimately influence the overall development of the offspring. Of particular importance is the association between unhealthy maternal diet and neurodevelopmental disorders in the offspring. Epidemiological studies have linked neurodevelopmental disorders like autism spectrum disorders, attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder, and schizophrenia, to maternal immune activation (MIA) during gestation. While the deleterious consequences of diet-induced MIA on offspring neurodevelopment are increasingly revealed, neuroinflammation is emerging as a key underlying mechanism. In this review, we compile the evidence available on how the mother and offspring are both impacted by maternal dietary imbalance. We specifically explore the various inflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects of dietary components and discuss how changes in inflammatory status can prime the offspring brain development toward neurodevelopmental disorders. Lastly, we discuss research evidence on the mechanisms that sustain the relationship between maternal dietary imbalance and offspring brain development, involving altered neuroinflammatory status in the offspring, as well as genetic to cellular programming notably of microglia, and the evidence that the gut microbiome may act as a key mediator.
孕期提供适量且优质的食物，以满足母亲的健康需求和后代的健康发育至关重要。然而，宏量营养素和微量营养素的摄入也会影响母亲身体的调节系统，如免疫系统、内分泌系统和神经系统，这些系统最终会影响后代的整体发育。特别重要的是，母亲不健康的饮食与后代神经发育障碍之间的关联。流行病学研究已将自闭症谱系障碍、注意力缺陷多动障碍和精神分裂症等神经发育障碍与孕期母亲的免疫激活（MIA）联系起来。虽然饮食诱导的MIA对后代神经发育的有害后果越来越多地被揭示，但神经炎症正成为一个关键的潜在机制。在这篇综述中，我们汇总了关于母亲饮食失衡如何影响母亲和后代的现有证据。我们特别探讨了饮食成分的各种促炎和抗炎作用，并讨论了炎症状态的变化如何使后代大脑发育倾向于神经发育障碍。最后，我们讨论了关于维持母亲饮食失衡与后代大脑发育之间关系的机制的研究证据，包括后代神经炎症状态的改变，以及特别是小胶质细胞从基因到细胞编程的变化，还有肠道微生物群可能作为关键调节因子的证据。
