Dória Renata Gebara Sampaio, Ferraz Gesiane Ribeiro Leão, Filippo Paula Alessandra Di, Lacerenza Milena Domingues, Fernandes Letícia Martins, Oleskovicz Nilson, Valadão Carlos Augusto Araújo
Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Pirassununga,13.635-900, Brazil.
FMU University, São Paulo, Brazil.
Vet Anim Sci. 2020 Oct 6;11:100148. doi: 10.1016/j.vas.2020.100148. eCollection 2021 Mar.
Ten male sheep (Sheep group; SGk) and seven male goats (Goat group; GGks+) were used in this study. The objective was to compare the use of racemic ketamine or ketamine S(+) associated with lidocaine on spinal anesthesia and evaluate if the drugs leads to a surgical anesthesia state, as well as to verify the cardiorespiratory, sedative and motor effects of this technique in these species. After correct placement of the needle in the subarachnoid space, 3.0 mg kg of racemic ketamine (SGk) or ketamine S(+) (GGks+), both diluted in 1.5 mg kg of 2% lidocaine, were administered. Evaluations were performed during orchiectomy, at times 0 (T0), 5 (T5), 10 (T10), 20 (T20), 30 (T30) and 60 (T60) minutes after subarachnoid anesthesia administration. No significant changes in heart and respiratory rates were observed in both experimental groups. All animals showed surgical analgesia and stood conscious or slightly sedated with ataxia immediately after the drugs administration (T5), allowing the execution of bilateral orchiectomy. The ataxia in SGk was classified as severe with recumbency in 80% of the animals, moderate ataxia in 10% of the animals, and mild ataxia in 10% of the animals. All goats (GGks+; 100%) presented severe ataxia and recumbency. At 60 min, animals of both groups were in standing position and with normal gait. Subarachnoid RS-ketamine and ketamine S(+) (3 mg kg), associated with lidocaine in sheep and goats, produces surgical anesthesia and recumbency without causing cardiorespiratory abnormalities, regurgitation and bloating.
本研究使用了10只雄性绵羊（绵羊组；SGk）和7只雄性山羊（山羊组；GGks+）。目的是比较消旋氯胺酮或S(+)氯胺酮与利多卡因联合用于脊髓麻醉的效果，并评估这些药物是否能导致手术麻醉状态，以及验证该技术对这些物种的心肺、镇静和运动影响。在将针正确置入蛛网膜下腔后，给予3.0 mg/kg的消旋氯胺酮（SGk）或S(+)氯胺酮（GGks+），两者均用1.5 mg/kg的2%利多卡因稀释。在睾丸切除术中，于蛛网膜下腔麻醉给药后0（T0）、5（T5）、10（T10）、20（T20）、30（T30）和60（T60）分钟进行评估。两个实验组的心率和呼吸频率均未观察到显著变化。所有动物在给药后（T5）立即表现出手术镇痛，意识清醒或略有镇静且共济失调，从而可以进行双侧睾丸切除术。SGk组中80%的动物共济失调被分类为严重并伴有躺卧，10%的动物为中度共济失调，10%的动物为轻度共济失调。所有山羊（GGks+；100%）均表现出严重共济失调和躺卧。60分钟时，两组动物均站立且步态正常。绵羊和山羊蛛网膜下腔注射RS-氯胺酮和S(+)氯胺酮（3 mg/kg）并联合利多卡因，可产生手术麻醉和躺卧状态，且不会引起心肺异常、反流和腹胀。
