DeRossi Rafael, Junqueira Alexandre Lopes, Beretta Marcelo Paixão
Department of Veterinary Medicine-Surgery and Anesthesiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul State, Avenida Filinto Müller, Campo Grande, CEP 79070-900, Brazil.
Am J Vet Res. 2003 Jan;64(1):51-6. doi: 10.2460/ajvr.2003.64.51.
To determine the effects of ketamine hydrochloride, xylazine hydrochloride, and lidocaine hydrochloride after subarachnoid administration in goats.
6 healthy goats.
In each goat, ketamine (3 mg/kg), xylazine (0.1 mg/kg), lidocaine (2.5 mg/kg), and saline (0.9% NaCI) solution were injected into the subarachnoid space between the last lumbar vertebra and first sacral vertebra (time 0). Analgesic, ataxic, sedative, cardiovascular, and respiratory effects and rectal temperature were evaluated before (baseline) and 2, 5, 10, 15, and 30 minutes after administration and at 30-minute intervals thereafter as needed.
Administration of anesthetics induced varying degrees of analgesia. Onset of the analgesic effect was more delayed for xylazine (mean +/- SD, 9.5 +/- 2.6 minutes) than for ketamine (6.7 +/- 2.6 minutes) or lidocaine (3.5 +/- 1.2 minutes). Duration of analgesia induced by xylazine (88.3 +/- 15 minutes) was twice as long as the duration of analgesia induced by ketamine (48.8 +/- 13.5 minutes) but similar to that induced by lidocaine (66.5 +/- 31 minutes). Xylazine induced bradycardia, whereas ketamine caused a nonsignificant increase in heart rate. Xylazine induced a reduction in arterial pressure, whereas ketamine or lidocaine did not affect arterial pressure.
Subarachnoid administration of xylazine in goats resulted in longer duration of analgesia of the tail, perineum, hind limbs, flanks, and caudodorsal rib areas than administration of ketamine or lidocaine. However, xylazine caused bradycardia and respiratory depression. Additional studies are needed to determine whether the analgesia would be sufficient to allow clinicians to perform surgical procedures.
确定蛛网膜下腔注射盐酸氯胺酮、盐酸赛拉嗪和盐酸利多卡因对山羊的影响。
6只健康山羊。
在每只山羊的最后腰椎和第一骶椎之间的蛛网膜下腔注射氯胺酮（3毫克/千克）、赛拉嗪（0.1毫克/千克）、利多卡因（2.5毫克/千克）和生理盐水（0.9%氯化钠）溶液（时间0）。在给药前（基线）、给药后2、5、10、15和30分钟以及之后根据需要每隔30分钟评估镇痛、共济失调、镇静、心血管和呼吸作用以及直肠温度。
麻醉剂给药引起不同程度的镇痛。赛拉嗪的镇痛作用起效比氯胺酮（平均±标准差，6.7±2.6分钟）或利多卡因（3.5±1.2分钟）更延迟（9.5±2.6分钟）。赛拉嗪诱导的镇痛持续时间（88.3±15分钟）是氯胺酮诱导的镇痛持续时间（48.8±13.5分钟）的两倍，但与利多卡因诱导的持续时间（66.5±31分钟）相似。赛拉嗪引起心动过缓，而氯胺酮使心率有不显著增加。赛拉嗪导致动脉压降低，而氯胺酮或利多卡因不影响动脉压。
山羊蛛网膜下腔注射赛拉嗪导致尾巴、会阴、后肢、胁腹和尾背肋骨区域的镇痛持续时间比注射氯胺酮或利多卡因更长。然而，赛拉嗪引起心动过缓和呼吸抑制。需要进一步研究以确定这种镇痛是否足以让临床医生进行外科手术。
