Monteonofrio Laura, Florio Maria Cristina, AlGhatrif Majd, Lakatta Edward G, Capogrossi Maurizio C
Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Longitudinal Study Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Vasc Biol. 2020 Dec 11;3(1):R1-R14. doi: 10.1530/VB-20-0014. eCollection 2021.
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). COVID-19 is frequently characterized by a marked inflammatory response with severe pneumonia and respiratory failure associated with multiorgan involvement. Some risk factors predispose patients to develop a more severe infection and to an increased mortality; among them, advanced age and male gender have been identified as major and independent risk factors for COVID-19 poor outcome. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is strictly involved in COVID-19 because angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is the host receptor for SARS-CoV-2 and also converts pro-inflammatory angiotensin (Ang) II into anti-inflammatory Ang(1-7). In this review, we have addressed the effect of aging and gender on RAAS with emphasis on ACE2, pro-inflammatory Ang II/Ang II receptor 1 axis and anti-inflammatory Ang(1-7)/Mas receptor axis.
2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）是由严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）引起的一种新型传染病。COVID-19的常见特征是伴有严重肺炎和呼吸衰竭并累及多器官的明显炎症反应。一些风险因素使患者更易发生严重感染并增加死亡率；其中，高龄和男性已被确定为COVID-19预后不良的主要独立风险因素。肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统（RAAS）与COVID-19密切相关，因为血管紧张素转换酶2（ACE2）是SARS-CoV-2的宿主受体，还可将促炎血管紧张素（Ang）II转化为抗炎性Ang（1-7）。在本综述中，我们探讨了衰老和性别对RAAS的影响，重点关注ACE2、促炎Ang II/Ang II受体1轴和抗炎Ang（1-7）/Mas受体轴。
